History 2201E Lecture Notes - Israel Halperin, Donald Creighton, Continentalism
2 May 2018
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March 13th, 2018
Americanization and the Cold War/The Diefenbaker Years (1957-1963)
Part I: Canada and Uncle Sam: Into The 1950’s
· Domination on three levels: diplomacy, culture and economics
o In WW2 we are an independent domnion; power moves from great britian to north
america
· Background to the establishment of ‘continentalism’
o Ogdensburg Agreement (1940)
· Took place in FDR own private railway car
· Joint defence command
· Make sure that the defence of the north american contenent was jointly
protected
· Signed this agreement ina railway car with just 2 indivuduals
§ For the prime minister to do this is probalmatic because he did so without
discussion with his cabinet
§ Bound canada for an indefinate amount of time
o Hyde Park Declaration (1941). o
· Each country shall provide the other with the defence it is best able to
produce
· Canadian companies could bid on american defence contracts
· Effectively elimates the border; canada and US are one country when it
comes to defence
· King was enthusiastic about these developments
o Massey Report (1951) o
o Critics of Mackenzie King: C. P stacey, Donald Creighton
· Some of his defenders bascally say these agreeements while bold were
neccesary during war time
o Defenders: J.L Granatsten and Robert Bothwell
o Aninreasing unease about the relationship with the americans
· Many of these agreements allowed americans to have canadian land to have
military projects
· Brings in american silders to canada
· Conflicts between idigenous population and
International developments:
· Gouzenko Affair
o Cypher clerk saught aslym in canada proving the russian had established a spy ring in
canada used to steal north american technology
o Eventually the canadian goverement would offer Gouzenko the aslym he sought
o Many of the indivudlas named by Gouzenko were never able to argue for there
innocence
o Israel Halperin: a mathitian of canada and was named as a spy;
· Detain and questions
· Never told if he was a suspect or what the charge was
o Herbert Norman: a prominent canadain diplomat
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· Stationed in Japan; he had some socialist leanings
· Felt his career was runin and commited sucide
o Gouzenko implied pearson
o His memoris were called these were my chooice
· Would always conceal his idenity
· Some accused him for doing this for the glory
· Other suggest he was an oppertunist who wanted to create better for his
family
· Fred Rose and the ensuing Canadian ‘Red scare’
o Fred Rose: member of the communist party of canada which was reorganized in the
to LPP (labour progressive party)
· Elected as a member of parliament
o Accused by Gouzenko of being a communist spy
o Communism was a dislike in Canada as well as the States
· Anyone with communist leanings were under suspicion
· U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy
o Convinced americans that there were communists underneath anything
· HUAC would intergate them
o In canada were generally avoided these outwardly excesses, many canadians were
pleased about this
o What we didn’t do up front we did behind the scenes
o RCMP "Fruit Machine" our hunt was done more discreetly
· In 1 year alon 7000 security checks were done on government employees
· Anyone who was viewed as non-confomists were investiaged
· This project to root out security effects only had its military funding cut in
1968; the program continued into the 1980s
· An indivdual was hooked up to the machine; it was like lie detector test
· Canadas hunt for communist lost momentim when McCarthy los tpower
1. Canada and Uncle Sam
· THe Korean War and Canadian participation
o When the war broke out there was an effort to prevent combat but canada would
become part of a UN effort
o War started in the aftermath of the Japnase surrender the Russians would take over
the north; and US th esouther
· Assumed the occupation would be temporary
· But in 1945 when the axis powers were defeated the allies would find them in
torouble
o The 39 parall became a permamet state
· We now have an aritifical boundry with shaky regimes, and economic system
o By 1940s the koreans were petiontion for an end of the seperation
· The american decided to petition for a solutions
· Conclusion that both side withdraw to leave it to korea
· Issue that Russian armed north Korea and developed an army force
§ Left south korea at the mercy of north
o Tempory commision to Korea
· Supervise the two government
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Americanization and the cold war/the diefenbaker years (1957-1963) Part i: canada and uncle sam: into the 1950"s. Domination on three levels: diplomacy, culture and economics: in ww2 we are an independent domnion; power moves from great britian to north america. Background to the establishment of continentalism": ogdensburg agreement (1940) Took place in fdr own private railway car. Make sure that the defence of the north american contenent was jointly protected. Signed this agreement ina railway car with just 2 indivuduals. For the prime minister to do this is probalmatic because he did so without discussion with his cabinet. Bound canada for an indefinate amount of time: hyde park declaration (1941). o. Each country shall provide the other with the defence it is best able to produce. Canadian companies could bid on american defence contracts. Effectively elimates the border; canada and us are one country when it comes to defence.
