Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Vancomycin, Antimicrobial Resistance, Bacteriostatic Agent

• School: Western University
• Department: Microbiology and Immunology
• Course: Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B
• Professor: John Mc Cormick

Document Summary

Methicillin: contains a lactam ring, chemically modified penicillin, can"t be cleaved by lactamases, but some bacteria can produce a different penicillin binding protein (e. g. pbp2a) encoded by the mec" gene. Bacterial strategies for antibiotic resistance: prevention of antibiotic entry, gran negative outer membranes and mycobacterial cell walls, antibiotic modification, lactamase, efflux of antibiotic, actively pump out the antibiotic, alteration of antibiotic target, pbps, ribosome modifications, bypassing the antibiotic action, using environmental folic acid. Opportunistic pathogens: bacteria that do not typically cause disease in healthy individuals: e nterococcus faecium (vre, s taphylococcus aureus (mrsa, k lebsiella species, a cinetobacter baumannii, p seudomonas aeruginosa, e nterobacter and e. coli. A b serves to designate two protein domains: the a domain denotes the active portion of the toxin that carries the enzymatic denotes the portion of the toxin molecule responsible for binding activity and uptake by the host cell, the b domain.