Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: C3B, Chemokine, Legionella

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amethystcrow24

16 Sep 2016

School

Western University

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B

Professor

John Mc Cormick

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Document Summary

Bacteria that evade phagocytosis, so survive/replicate inside a phagocyte. Type 1 ifn: acute phase proteins. Messengers how cells communicate with other cells, and also to itself. Activate or suppress most cell behaviours (proliferation, growth, maturation, survival) Cytokines have a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Cytokine bind to its receptor on cell surface, which then signals/ tells the cell how to behave. Types of cytokines: key role in innate immunity. Tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukins (il), others : key role in hematopoiesis. An activated cell secretes many types of cytokines simultaneously. Prr-pamp binding by phagocyte results in: phagocytosis, cytokine production and secretion. Activated endothelial cells vasodilate (increase blood flow) and increase blood vessel permeability. This allows circulating immune cells and plasma proteins to enter into infected tissue. This increases the number of phagocytes in infected tissue. Phagocytosis & cytokines are key components of inflammation. Kills pathogens as most pathogens require a lower body temperature to replicate.

Related Questions

31. The end result of the MAC is:

special sauce.

formation of transmembrane channels

anaphylatoxin release

alternative complement pathway activation

lectin pathway activation

32. Which cells are lymphocytes? choose the best answer

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

Neutrophils

Basophils

None of the above

33. Translocation of the transcription factor NFkB to the macrophage nucleus initiates transcription of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines:

IL-1, IL-6 and TNFâ

IL-1, IL-6 and IFN â

IL-1, IL-4 and TNF â

IL-1, IL-4 and IFN â

All of the above

34. Which cell is designed for killing short lived have two types of granules (primary and secondary), and after the are done phagocytosising and killing they die because they canât replenish their granules

Macrophages

Basophils

Eosinophils

B-cells

None of the above

35. Macrophages use receptors likeâââ

mannose receptor

scavenger receptor

toll like receptors

A & B

A, B & C

36. Fixed immune defenses include:

physical barriers

innate immunity

adaptive immunity

A & B

A, B & C

37. The Thymus is considered a primary lymphoid tissue.

True

False

1. C3a and C5a are proteins which effectively _____.

a.Opsonize invading pathogens

b.Recruit immune cells to infection site

c.Form pores in bacterial and fungal cell membranes

d.Cleave covalent bonds in peptidoglycan

2. Some pathogenic bacteria produce ______ which protect the organism against the oxidative burst from _________.

a.Catalase i. Phagocytic cells

b.Nitric oxide ii. Red blood cells

c.Superoxide Dismutase iii. Cytokines

d.C3 convertase iv. B Cells

3. What is extravasation?

a.The expansion of joints between endothelial cells allowing for the migration of immune cells and proteins access to infection sites.

b.Recruitment of macrophages to infected tissues.

c.The process by which Salmonella avoids killing by phagocytic cells.

d.Coating of a pathogen with C3b for uptake by macrophages.

4.Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome results from mutations in which complement component?

a.Factor I

b.Factor H

c.C3b

d.CR1

1. Macrophages express multiple types of receptors on their surface that stimulate phagocytosis of microbes, leading to pathogen internalization and destruction. Many of these receptors, such as Dectin-1, rely on direct recognition of a PAMP on the pathogen surface. However, some receptors that stimulate phagocytosis rely on soluble factors (not associated with the phagocyte membrane) to identify and mark the pathogen for uptake by the phagocyte. One such receptor is:

		a) The class A scavenger receptor
		b) The complement receptor
		c) The mannose receptor
		d) The macrophage C-type lectin receptor
		e) The lipid receptor

2. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways lead to the activation of NFkB and of IRF family transcription factors. Each pathway has multiple steps, beginning with adapter proteins in various combinations. This process will induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression rapidly. The following are such adapter proteins EXCEPT:

a) MyD88

b) MAL

c) TRIF

d) NFkB

e)TRAM

3. Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the:

		a) Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability
		b) TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells
		c) Bradykinin produced that causes pain
		d) Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes
		e) Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules

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Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: C3B, Chemokine, Legionella

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