Pathology 2420A Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Sepsis, Legionella, Circulatory System
9 Dec 2016
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Function: oxygenation of blood, removal of waste products (carbon dioxide, this requires ventilation movement of air; From nose/mouth through large airways (trachea/bronchi/bronchioles) to lung parenchyma (alveoli) where gas exchange takes place: and perfusion movement of blood. Pulmonary artery carries deoxy blood from right side of heart to lungs and returns via pulmonary vein to left atrium. Bronchial (systemic arteries oxy blood from descending aorta and intercostal arteries supplies parenchyma along small airways. Structure: airways, acini and alveoli, vasculature, lymphatics, pleura, airways. Include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles (terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles: acini. Units supplied by a single terminal bronchiole. It includes respiratory bronchiole and its distal alveolar ducts/sacs. This is the basic unit of gas exchange. Alveolar sacs are lined with type 1 and 2 pneumocytes. Type 2 are progenitor cells for type 1 produce surfactant: alveolar wall. Gas transfer takes place across the alveolar-capillary membrane. It consists of: capillary endothelium; basement membrane and surround interstitial tissue; alveolar epithelium (type 1/2)
