Physiology 2130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 54: Obstructive Lung Disease, Innate Immune System, Chest Tube
1 May 2018
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Lecture 054: Lung stresses and diseases
Stress: Ventilation perfusion matching
● The blood gas barrier is very thin and has a very large surface area
● This allows for efficient gas exchange
What happens if there is an obstruction of the bronchioles?
● This will increase PCO2 in the alveoli to a point
● Body responds by vasoconstriction to match the blood flow to the air flow coming in
● This also happens in reverse
○ If blood flow is decreased, body responds by bronchoconstriction
Pneumothorax
● Hole in the diaphragm
○ Atmospheric pressure in the intrapleural space
○ Air in intrapleural space
○ Spontaneous or injury
● Small spontaneous pneumothorax may resolve without treatment
● Treatment
○ Insertion of chest tube
Inhaled Particles and polluted air
● Lungs is thin and large, ventilation is around 8 L/mins
○ More than 4 million L in a year
● Result: ling is continuously exposed to inhaled particles, bacteria and other pollutants
Inhaled Particles Induce stress
● Depending on the size particles may deposit in larger airways (large particles) or in
smaller airways and even in alveoli
● Clearance of particles
○ Mucus
○ Alveolar macrophages
● Inhaled bacteria
○ Innate immune system
Polluted atmosphere
● Carbon monoxide
○ CO has a 210 fold higher affinity for hemoglobin than O2
■ Even a small PCO can cause the hemoglobin to be mostly bound to CO2
and not O2
○ Treatment
■ Higher percentage oxygen or higher PO2
● Out-compete CO
○ CO is a colorless, odorless gas
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Document Summary
The blood gas barrier is very thin and has a very large surface area. This will increase pco2 in the alveoli to a point. Body responds by vasoconstriction to match the blood flow to the air flow coming in. If blood flow is decreased, body responds by bronchoconstriction. Small spontaneous pneumothorax may resolve without treatment. Lungs is thin and large, ventilation is around 8 l/mins. More than 4 million l in a year. Result: ling is continuously exposed to inhaled particles, bacteria and other pollutants. Depending on the size particles may deposit in larger airways (large particles) or in smaller airways and even in alveoli. Co has a 210 fold higher affinity for hemoglobin than o2. Even a small pco can cause the hemoglobin to be mostly bound to co2 and not o2. Initial symptoms are headache, fatigue and shortness of breath. Reduces the surface area of the lungs and loss of elasticity.
