Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Protein Kinase C, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Insulin Resistance

• School: Western University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: Physiology 3120
• Professor: Tom Stavraky

Document Summary

Diabetes (greek) large volume of urine. Mellitus (latin) a sweet taste (cid:498)sweet urine disease(cid:499) Characterized by: hyperglycemia, polyphagia (eating with weight loss, polyuria (high urine volume, glycosuria (glucose in urine, water and electrolyte loss. Long-term complications: retinopathy, nephropathy, angiopathy (blood clots, increased susceptibility to infection. In severe cases: ketosis (high ketones, acidosis, coma and death. Early onset (cid:523)(cid:498)juvenile diabetes(cid:499)(cid:524) (cid:498)lifestyle(cid:499) overweight, sedentary. Insulin resistant/impaired insulin secretion incidence of diabetes has shifted to earlier age due to increased childhood obesity (40s 30s) Early symptoms: high glucose, dehydration, low energy. A failure to secrete sufficient insulin to regulate glucose utilization. May have -cells in the islets but no -cells. Short term no problem; long term side effects lead to type ii diabetes. Aa converted to glucose in liver (used by liver, brain) via tca cycle. Mobilization of tg and ffa (free fatty acids) from stores. High ketones are a marker of diabetes.