Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Plasma Osmolality, Posterior Pituitary, Diabetes Insipidus

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indigoweasel955

26 Nov 2011

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30 it is a na/ca antiporter, not a symporter (basolateral membrane) Increased fluid uptake = lots of dilute urine: dehydration = low volume of concentrated urine, humans & terrestrial animals can regulate water & sodium balance independently. Intake: from food, fluids, and some from metabolic production; output: through skin and lungs, sweat, feces, and urine: anti-diuretic hormone (adh) Results in increased water reabsorption in collecting duct. Peptide hormone, so it must signal via a cell surface receptor (highly charged, can"t cross membrane) on the basolateral membrane (no blood flow on luminal side, too big to be filtered) Increases camp levels, which inserts more aquaporin ii channels into luminal membrane. Inhibit adh release, which inhibits additional water reabsorption, causing increased urine production. Overall result is dehydration (2) diabetes insipidus. Failure of pituitary to release adh, or by failure of kidney to respond to adh.

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what are the thermodynamic specifications for the materialcomponents of a heat pack. what is the process used to generateheat â the chemical/material process and describe the use ofmaterial selection in relation to its appropriateness for usewithin a pocket warmer.

Discussion as to the enthalpy changes upon âactivatingâ the warmer.Details of the amount of energy released and brief comparison withother systems/justification for selecting your material andcovering. How much material is required, the energy output from it(Enthalpy of hydration etc) and the temperature increase expected(taking in account heat capacity of the material components) fromthe process involved (remember to factor into the calculations âthe actual amount of material being used).

a).An object of mass 541 g is attached to a spring with springconstant k = 653 N/m. If the object is displaced by 130 mm from theequilibrium position and is released, with what speed doe theobject pass through the equilibrium position during itsmotion?

Express the result in the unit [m/s] and to three significantfigures. If you must use scientific notation, please enter asfollows: e.g. 0.000123 = 1.23E-4. Only answer in numerical values,no units. For negative numbers, leave no space between the negativesign and the number: e.g. right: -1.00, wrong: - 1.00.

b).An object has a mass of m = 647 g. It is attached to a springwhich has a spring constant of value k = 65 N/m. At time t = 0 theobject is pulled to a distance of 28.1 cm from its equilibriumposition (which you may choose conveniently at x = 0). The surfaceon which the object moves is frictionless.

What is the total energy of the system?

Express the result in the unit [J] and to three significantfigures. If you must use scientific notation, please enter asfollows: e.g. 0.000123 = 1.23E-4. Only answer in numerical values,no units. For negative numbers, leave no space between the negativesign and the number: e.g. right: -1.00, wrong: - 1.00.

c).The vibration of the tympanic membrane in the human ear(eardrum) can be described as a harmonic motion. Assuming a mass of20.6 mg and a period of vibration of 1.72 ms, what is the naturalvibration frequency of the membrane?

Express the result in the unit [Hz] and to three significantfigures. If you must use scientific notation, please enter asfollows: e.g. 0.000123 = 1.23E-4. Only answer in numerical values,no units. For negative numbers, leave no space between the negativesign and the number: e.g. right: -1.00, wrong: - 1.00.

d).An object of mass m is attached to a spring with spring constantk = 170 N/m. At time t = 0 the object is pulled to a distance of0.18 m from its equilibrium position. The surface on which theobject moves is frictionless and the spring is within its elasticregime. What is the mass of the object if it oscillates with afrequency f = 2.90 Hz when it is released?

Express the result in the unit [kg] and to three significantfigures. If you must use scientific notation, please enter asfollows: e.g. 0.000123 = 1.23E-4. Only answer in numerical values,no units. For negative numbers, leave no space between the negativesign and the number: e.g. right: -1.00, wrong: - 1.00.

A "pulse oximeter" operates by using light and a photocelltomeasure oxygen saturation in arterial blood. The transmissionoflight energy as it passes through a solution oflight-absorbingmolecules is described by the Beer-Lambert law,given below, whichgives the decrease in intensity I in terms of thedistance L thelight has traveled through a fluid with aconcentration C of thelight-absorbing molecule.

I =I₀10^-ÎµCLorlog₁₀(I / I₀)=-ÎµCL

The quantity Îµ is called the extinctioncoefficient, andits value depends on the frequency of the light.(It has units ofm²/mol.) Assume that the extinctioncoefficient for 660nm light passing through a solution ofoxygenated hemoglobin isidentical to the coefficient for 940 nmlight passing throughdeoxygenated hemoglobin. Assume also that 940nm light has zeroabsorption (Îµ = 0) inoxygenated hemoglobin and 660 nmlight has zero absorption indeoxygenated hemoglobin. If 31% oftheenergy of the red source and 78% of theinfrared energy istransmitted through the blood, determine thefraction of hemoglobinthat is oxygenated.

Your response is within 10% of the correctvalue. This may be due toroundoff error, or you could have amistake in your calculation.Carry out all intermediate results toat least four-digit accuracyto minimize roundofferror.%

I was usingthis as a guide but I get the same answer anditswrong:/answers-mar-09/physics/urgent-need-help-please-a-pulse-oximeter-operates-by-using-light-and-a-photocell-to_514319.aspx

Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Plasma Osmolality, Posterior Pituitary, Diabetes Insipidus

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