Physiology 3120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Coronary Artery Disease
11 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Type 2 can also show in teens nowadays. Failure to secrete enough insulin due to islet beta cell destruction. Too much glucose in blood excreted through kidneys, water follows, dehydration. Lipolysis is inefficient as does not yield 34 atp. Diet/lifestyle/genes lead to obesity which then leads to type ii diabetes. Insulin resistance can also cause pcos in females. Insulin binds to receptor to trigger tyrosine phosphorylation which causes pi-3 kinase activation. Pi3 kinase activation has further downstream effects (p70, etc. ) More importantly, pi3 kinase activation causes glut4 translocation to pm to bring in more glucose from blood. In beta cells, increase intracellular calcium to increase insulin gene transcription. Pm: so decrease in glut4 translocation could be due to decreased phosphorylation of pi3 kinase/akt. Or it could be because there is less glut4 around. Adiponectin reduces gluconeogenesis and triglycerides but with less adiponectin, gluconeogenesis and triglycerides increase.
