Physiology 3140A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cell Signaling, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Cell Migration

• School: Western University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: Physiology 3140A
• Professor: John Di Guglielmo

Document Summary

What is cell signalling: cell signalling systems receive input from the environment and generate an appropriate output response. There are many types of signalling molecules (can by physical or chemical) Hor(cid:373)o(cid:374)es, nt"s, dissol(cid:448)ed gases, io(cid:374)s, steroids, gro(cid:449)th fa(cid:272)tors, atp. Divergence one signal can elicit multiple outcomes ex. Gcpr activation can lead to multiple changes in transcription, ion channel activity, cell proliferation, cell survival. Cell signalling the 3 mains steps involved: reception signal (ligand) binds to specific cell surface protein, transduction binding results in conformation change of receptor, response almost any cellular activity (regulate biological function of cell) Receptors dete(cid:272)t sig(cid:374)als a(cid:374)d tra(cid:374)s(cid:373)it the(cid:373) i(cid:374)to (cid:272)ell"s respo(cid:374)se machinery. Calcium ions, inositol trisphosphate (ip3), diacylglycerol (dag), cyclic nucleotides (camp, cgmp) Normal blood sugar regulation: food enters the body, food broken down, sugar enters bloodstream, sugar stimulates cells in the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin travels through the blood stimulates liver, muscle and fat to take up sugar for later use.