Sociology 2205A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Null Hypothesis, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Descriptive Statistics
25 Apr 2018
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A set of mathematical techniques used in (social) research to organize, manipulate and analyze data. Could be alphabets, symbol and numbers that refer to/represent ideas or theories. A characteristic of a statistical unit under observation. Traits that can change values from case to case. Ex. in a recent survey of university students, statistics canada found that the average age of university students in canada was 21. 7 years old. Identify the following: variable average age, data age of all the students in the survey, cases university students, statistic 21. 7 (the average) There are three schemes for classifying variables: independent and dependent. Input or cause: may vary between units and can be manipulated, causal or explanatory, designated as x, dependent/outcome, results/effects or response, designated as y, examples, highly educated individuals are less likely to experience mental health problems. Individual = independent: mental health = dependent, discrete and continuous, discrete, occurs once at a time you (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:374)ot di(cid:448)ide it.
