BI226 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosome, Microtubule
Document Summary
Eukaryotic chromosomes: genetic material distributed amongst chromosomes, chromosome: linear structure composed of a single dna molecule and a protein, each species has its own characteristic number of chromosomes in its nucleus. In a karyotype, chromosomes are arranged from largest to smallest and chromosomes are oriented so that the longest arm is pointed down, and the shortest is pointed up: short arm=p. They are replicated) is haploid, a diploid will have an even number of chromosomes or an even number of sets. Variations in chromosomes: vary in length, humans have wide variation in chromosome length. Karyotype: complete set of all the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, for humans it is 22 autosomes and 1 x or y sex chromosome. Largest chromosome is #1, and so on arranged largest to smallest: homologues are paired, sex chromosomes typically shown together at bottom. Spindle fibres have negative end near centrosome and positive end away from centrosome pulling away.
