ML100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Umayyad Caliphate, Crusader States, Outremer
Document Summary
Origins of islam and mohammed is his prophet. Charitable contributions to the welfare of the islamic community. Jihad: holy war, meaning the drive toward spiritual and religious perfection. Caliph: acted as chief after mohammed"s death, acted as imam i. Saracen invasion of iberia, 8th century: expulsion of visigoths to the north. Division of north into the kingdoms of leon and castile. Christian expulsion of muslims under alfonso vi (1065-1109) and sancho ramirez (1063- 1094) Increasing influence of the roman church over the spanish church a. Importance of shrine of saint james at compostela: the use of a roman liturgy. Invasion of the byzantine empire by the seljuk turks, late 11th century: appeal from the emperor to pope gregory vii. The crusader states: antioch, jerusalem, edessa, ascalon, acre, tyre, and tripoli. The establishment of monastic military orders: the knights of the hospital of st. john (the hospitalers), 1113, the knights of the temple (the templars), 1119.
