BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Electrochemical Gradient, Crenarchaeota, Gram-Positive Bacteria
8 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Bacteria & archaea have greatest metabolic diversity of all organisms. Variety of substances as energy & carbon sources to synthesis required organic mole. Live successfully in most regions of earths surface (antarctica, hot springs, salty regions) called. Come in variety of shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirilla, square cells. Unique structures: cell wall, capsule (provides extra protection), flagellar, pili, plasmids. Most bacteria have one circular dna, contained in nucleoid, no nuclear membrane. 2 main types of dna: bacterial plasmid dna & bacterial (genomic) dna. Closed, circular molecule of dna packed into nucleoid region of cell. Genomic dna is basic, needed for survival functions. Plasmids: extra-chromosomal small circular dna molecules, more than 1 copy. Carry non-essential genes but genes w/beneficial functions (antibiotic resistance, metabolism, toxin) Vertical gene transfer: transmission of genetic traits from generation to generation (parent to offspring). When goes through binary division, bacterial dna & plasmids are transferred from parent- daughter cell.
