BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Messenger Rna, Rna Interference, Nuclear Pore
Document Summary
Genome = the complete genetic information of an organism. Gene = a sequence of nucleotides that codes for one or more biological product(s) like proteins or trna/rrna (non-proteins) Gene expression = the synthesis of the biological product. When synthetized, the protein encoded by the gene is expressed : gene: two complementary strands of dna with complementary nucleotides (genotype = all genes) Transcription leads to: mrna: one strand of rna note that uracil replaces thymine. Translation leads to: protein: made of amino acids linked together. For prokaryotes, transcription is the process from dna to mrna and occurs in cytosol. For eukaryotes, transcription is the process from dna to pre-mrna, followed by rna processing from pre-mrna to mature mrna. Translation or protein synthesis is mrna to protein/polypeptide. For prokaryotes, translation happens after transcription in the cytosol (no nucleus). For eukaryotes, after transcription, mature mrna is exported from the nucleus to the cytosol through the nuclear pore.