BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Irreducible Complexity, Mitosis, Immune System
11 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
How does gene duplication occur: gene family- genes like each other is structure & function, duplicated genes- paralog. How does evolutionary innovatuons come about gene duplication? (+) gain in number of copies of some genes relative to mrca (-) loss in number of copies of some genes relative to mrca. Gene duplication-> evolutionary innovations: a duplicated gene (paralog) is free from selection. ** 2 & 3 could lead to evolution of new novel traits. Duplicated phenotpic effect: duplications of gene fcould read to mutant chromosomes. Abnormal development of organisms: might be abnormal (different than normal), but could still prove benifical. Complex system can change over time due to gene duplication: the enzyme substrate relationship has changed over time, protein function has changed over time. Differential gene expression: different (cid:272)ells have different gene e(cid:454)pressed (cid:894)(cid:862) differential gene e(cid:454)pression(cid:863)(cid:895) -> leads to differentiation, ex: leads to heat cells or neuron cells.
