BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Photosynthesis, Archaea, Issf 10 Meter Air Rifle

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cerisemink130

2 Mar 2018

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Molecular clocks are regions of the genome that evolve at a constant rate which can be used to determine when two species last shared a common ancestor. Genes that make good molecular clocks will have neutral variations that are not influenced by natural selection. For recent divergence we want a gene that mutates constantly over a period with a fast rate. For ancient divergence we want a gene that mutates constantly and slowly in a flat line. Carbon-14 is the rarest isotope of carbon found. This type of carbon forms in the atmosphere by nitrogen-14 in the atmosphere. When it decays, it goes back to nitrogen-14. Carbon-14 form and decay at the same rate, it is constant. The ratio of carbon-14 and carbon-12 will be found to be the same in the tissues of organisms as we inhale carbon from the atmosphere. After death, carbon-14 concentration in tissues decrease as it is not living and inhaling carbon from the atmosphere.

Related Questions

Question 55.55. The fact that marsupials are not as diverse inSouth America as they are in Australia would be classified as whattype of evidence for evolution? (Points : 1.25)

biogeographical

anatomical

biochemical

fossil record

molecular evidence

Question 56.56. What is the name of the hypothesis that statesthat the very first living thing came from nonliving chemicals?(Points : 1.25)

cell theory

chemical evolution

Darwinian evolution

speciation

organic chemistry

Question 57.57. What structures are necessary for thereplication process to occur in a cell? (Points : 1.25)

enzymatic proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

starches

viruses

Question 58.58. The flipper of a whale and the wing of a birdare homologous structures. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 59.59. Both the RNA-first and the protein-firsthypotheses must propose a manner for DNA to become the geneticmaterial as it is today. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 60.60. The early atmosphere of Earth consisted mainlyof (Points : 1.25)

hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

oxygen, water vapor, and carbon monoxide.

water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.

water vapor, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 61.61. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles isa sedimentary cycle? (Points : 1.25)

carbon

nitrogen

phosphorus

water

ice

Question 62.62. What two characteristics define a biome? (Points: 1.25)

temperature and the types of plants found there

amount of precipitation and the types of plantsfound there

temperature and rainfall

latitude and rainfall

altitude and temperature

Question 63.63. The atmosphere would be considered whatcomponent of a chemical cycle? (Points : 1.25)

reservoir

exchange pool

biotic community

source

none of these

Question 64.64. Are humans capable of upsetting globalbiogeochemical cycles with their activities? (Points : 1.25)

YES

Question 65.65. The richest marine ecosystems are those in theopen water where large fish abound. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 66.66. What is involved in the process ofdenitrification? (Points : 1.25)

conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonium

conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrate

conversion of ammonium to nitrate

conversion of nitrite to nitrate

conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

Question 67.67. What is the loss of water from plants called?(Points : 1.25)

runoff

precipitation

evaporation

transpiration

transference

Question 68.68. Decomposers perform a valuable service becausethey recycle nutrients. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 69.69. There is more nitrogen gas in the atmospherethan there is oxygen. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 70.70. Which of the following defines an ecosystems?(Points : 1.25)

a group of organisms of the same speciesinteracting together

all of the living organisms in an area interactingtogether

all living organisms and the nonliving environmentinteracting together

aspects of the nonliving environment interactingtogether

all the places on Earth where living organisms canbe found

Question 71.71. In MDCs, many people do not eat enough protein.(Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 72.72. The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like(Points : 1.25)

a pyramid.

an inverted pyramid.

a rectangle.

an oval.

a cube.

Question 73.73. The biggest problem in moving toward asustainable society with the LDCs is overconsumption. (Points :1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 74.74. A sustainable society is one that provides allof the goods and services desired by humans. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 75.75. In order to have a negative population growthrate, (Points : 1.25)

the birthrate must exceed the death rate.

the biotic potential of the population mustincrease.

the death rate must exceed the birth rate.

the carrying capacity for the population mustincrease.

only replacement reproduction can occur.

Question 76.76. Why should pregnant women and small children noteat certain fish? (Points : 1.25)

herbicide contamination

mercury contamination

pesticide contamination

lead contamination

PCB contamination

Question 77.77. What do hydropower and wind power have incommon? (Points : 1.25)

Both require the building of dams.

Both lead to an increase in greenhouse gasemissions.

Both are renewable energy sources.

Both result in the depletion of fossil fuels.

Both require the use of photovoltaic cells.

Question 78.78. Which organism would be most impacted bybiomagnification? (Points : 1.25)

eagles

rabbits

wheat plants

earthworms

corn

Question 79.79. Most of the freshwater in the world is used for(Points : 1.25)

drinking.

bathing.

irrigation.

watering lawns.

industrial needs.

Question 80.80. Which of the following is not associated withgroundwater depletion? (Points : 1.25)

subsidence

sinkholes

saltwater intrusion

lowering of the water table

sediment buildup

silverarmadillo533

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.