CRIM 1650 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Deterrence Theory, Crime Prevention, Absolute Monarchy

• School: York University
• Department: Criminology
• Course: CRIM 1650
• Professor: James Williams

Document Summary

Historical context: rational choice theories preceded/started from biological and psychological approaches1700-1850 classical school of criminology bio / psych 1850- early. Moving form biological / psychological to rational choice theory: reaction against unjust, arbitrary, and severe forms of punishment associated with absolute monarchies and religious. 14th-16th century when death penalty was in use, even for minor offences- petty theft. Old philosophers objecting this punishment, no trial for people accused by hierarchy: foundation in two core enlightenment 1700 philosophies. Individual rights and freedoms, importance of fairness, equality, and predictability in response to crime. Equality treatment under law regardless of race, gender, age. Belief that punishment should fit the rime committed, innocent until proven guilty. Human behaviour is a product of rational choice and calculation, rather then biological, psychological or spiritual predispositions. Humans are rational and reason being who strive to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.