ECON 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Disposable And Discretionary Income, Consumption Function, Real Interest Rate

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14 May 2018

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ECON 2000

Lecture 9

Consumption, C

 Households receive income from labour and ownership of capital, pay

taxes to the gov’t, and then decide how much of their after-tax income to

consume and how much to save

 Income households receive equals output of the economy Y

 Gov’t then taxes households for amount T

 Disposable income is the total income after the payment of all taxes: Y

– T

o Households divide disposable income between consumption and

saving

 We assume the level of consumption depends directly on level of

disposable income, thus:

o C = C(Y – T)

 This is the consumption function – relationship between consumption

and disposable income which states that consumption is a function of

disposable income

 Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is the change in C when

disposable income increases by one dollar

 MPC is between zero and one: an extra dollar of income increases

consumption, but by less than one dollar

o If households obtain an extra dollar of income, they save a portion

of it

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Document Summary

Households receive income from labour and ownership of capital, pay taxes to the gov"t, and then decide how much of their after-tax income to consume and how much to save. Income households receive equals output of the economy y. Gov"t then taxes households for amount t. Disposable income is the total income after the payment of all taxes: y. T: households divide disposable income between consumption and saving. We assume the level of consumption depends directly on level of disposable income, thus: c = c(y t) This is the consumption function relationship between consumption and disposable income which states that consumption is a function of disposable income. Marginal propensity to consume (mpc) is the change in c when disposable income increases by one dollar. Mpc is between zero and one: an extra dollar of income increases consumption, but by less than one dollar: if households obtain an extra dollar of income, they save a portion of it.

Related Questions

The average propensity to consume (APC) equals

the change in real disposable income divided by the change in consumption expenditures.

the change in consumption expenditures divided by the change in real disposable income.

real disposable income divided by consumption expenditures.

consumption expenditures divided by real disposable income.

The consumption function shows how much

households plan to consume per year at each level of real disposable income.

households plan to consume per year at each level of savings.

households plan to consume per year at each possible interest rate.

real disposable income people will earn at each income tax bracket.

Saving is

the accumulation of past periods of savings while savings is the amount of disposable income that is not consumed in a given period of time.

the amount one does not consume in a given period of time while savings is the accumulation of past periods of saving.

the difference between disposable income and spending on goods and services while savings is the difference between real GDP and disposable income.

the difference between real GDP and disposable income while savings is the difference between disposable income and consumption spending.

Thinking as an economist would, which is true of investment?

		Investment represents spending on capital goods.
		Investment is a stock concept.
		Investment is putting money into stocks and bonds.
		It is the portion of disposable income that is not used for consumption or saving.

An appreciation of the U.S. dollar ________ the price of U.S. imports, and ________ the price of U.S. exports.

		lowers, lowers
		increases, increases
		increases, lowers
		lowers, increases

QUESTION 33

Other things being equal, if input prices rise in a country, then there would be

		cost-push inflation.
		demand-pull inflation.
		cost-push deflation.
		more production and a lower price level.

mauvetortoise195

Question 1

Which of the following describes the relationship between the change in inventories and aggregate expenditure?

A.	Aggregate expenditure equals the change in inventories minus GDP.
B.	The change in inventories equals GDP divided by aggregate expenditures.
C.	Aggregate expenditures equals GDP divided by the change in inventories.
D.	Aggregate expenditures equals GDP minus the change in inventories.
E.	The change in inventories equals GDP multiplied by aggregate expenditure.

1 points

Question 2

Suppose the marginal propensity to consume is 0.80 and taxes decrease by $10 billion. Which of the following is true?

A.	Disposable income and consumption fall by $10 billion
B.	Disposable income and consumption rise by $10 billion
C.	Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption rises by $8 billion
D.	Disposable income falls by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion
E.	Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion

1 points

Question 3

If aggregate expenditure at a particular level of income is less than output,

A.	output will increase
B.	output will decrease
C.	output will remain the same
D.	output will rise slightly and then level off
E.	we cannot determine what will happen to output

1 points

Question 4

The consumption function

A.	illustrates the relationship between real disposable income and real consumption spending
B.	illustrates the relationship between the price level and real consumption spending
C.	is the relationship between productivity and real consumption spending
D.	shows how real consumption increases when real disposable income decreases
E.	illustrates the relationship between real consumption spending and employment

1 points

Question 5

The focus of the short-run macro model is on the role of

A.	spending in explaining economic fluctuations
B.	labor in explaining economic fluctuations
C.	financial markets in explaining economic fluctuations
D.	output in explaining economic fluctuations
E.	resources in explaining economic fluctuations.

1 points

Question 6

If the output level is such that the aggregate expenditure line lies below the 45-degree line, which of the following is true?

A.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be raised.
B.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be increased.
C.	Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be raised.
D.	Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.
E.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.

1 points

Question 7

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.7, the expenditure multiplier is

A.	7.0
B.	0.7
C.	3.0
D.	3.3
E.	not determinable without additional information.

1 points

Question 8

Aggregate expenditure is the sum of

A.	all types of spending by households and firms
B.	spending and savings by households
C.	spending by households and governments on final goods and services
D.	spending by households, government, firms, and foreigners on final goods and services
E.	all spending and saving by households, firms, and governments

1 points

Question 9

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 and disposable income increases by $10,000, by how much will consumption spending increase?

A.	$10,000
B.	$500
C.	$50
D.	$5,000
E.	$9,524

1 points

Question 10

When real consumption expenditure is plotted against real disposable income the resulting relationship is

A.	very weak.
B.	virtually flat .
C.	positive and very close to linear.
D.	negative and very close to linear.

indigognu668

The following table is a consumption schedule. Assume taxes and transfer payments are zero and that all saving is personal saving.

(GDP = DI)	C	S	APC	APS
$1,500	$1,540	$_____	1.027	–0.027
$1,600	$1,620	_____	1.013	–0.013
$1,700	$1,700	_____	_____	_____
$1,800	$1,780	_____	0.989	0.011
$1,900	$1,860	_____	0.979	0.021
$2,000	$1,940	_____	_____	_____
$2,100	$2,020	_____	0.962	0.038
$2,200	$2,100	_____	_____	_____

Compute saving at each of the eight levels of disposable income and the missing average propensities to consume and to save.

1. The break-even level of disposable income is $________.

2. As disposable income rises, the marginal propensity to consume remains constant. Between each two GDPs the MPC can be found by dividing $________ by $________, and is equal to _______.

3. The marginal propensity to save also remains constant when the GDP rises. Between each two GDPs the MPS is equal to $________ divided by $________, or to _______.

goldreindeer163

ECON 2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Disposable And Discretionary Income, Consumption Function, Real Interest Rate

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