HRM 3450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Instruction Set, Elementary Arithmetic
5 May 2018
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HRM 3450 Lecture 14 Notes – Central Processing
Introduction
• The instructions that form a particular program are stored within the primary storage,
then brought into the central processing unit and executed.
• Conceptually, instructions are brought in and executed one at a time
• Although modern systems overlap the execution of instructions to some extent.
• Instructions must be in primary storage in order to be executed.
• The control unit interprets each instruction and determines the appropriate course of
action.
• Each instruction is designed to perform a simple task.
• Instructions exist to perform basic arithmetic, to move data from one place in the
computer to another, to perform I/O, and to accomplish many other tasks.
• The oputer’s power oes fro the ability to execute these simple instructions at
extremely high speeds, measured in millions or billions or trillions of instructions
executed per second.
• As you are already aware, it is necessary to translate high-level language programs into
the language of the machine for execution of the program to take place.
• It may require tens or even hundreds of individual machine instructions to form the
machine language equivalent of a single high-level language statement.
• Program instructions are normally executed sequentially, unless an instruction itself tells
the computer to change the order of processing.
• The instruction set used with a particular CPU is part of the design of the CPU and
cannot normally be executed on a different type of CPU unless the different CPU was
designed to be instruction set compatible.
• However, as you shall see, most instruction sets perform similar types of operations.
• As a result, it is possible to write programs that will emulate the instruction set from one
computer on a computer with a different instruction set
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