HRM 3450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 37: Punched Card, Fortran
5 May 2018
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HRM 3450 Lecture 37 Notes – Interactive Networked Systems
Introduction
• To todays poerful iteratie etorked systes, ith ultitaskig, easy-to-use
graphical interfaces, the ability to move data between applications, and near-instant
access to other computers all over the world.
• Each of these developments, plus various hardware developments—minicomputers,
PCs, new I/O devices, multimedia—has required additional operating system
sophistication.
• In each case, designers have responded to the need.
• The early computers were used primarily by scientists and engineers to solve technical
problems.
• The next generation of computers, in the late 1950s, provided a punched card reader for
input and a printer for output.
• Soon after, magnetic tape systems became available.
• The first high-leel laguages, priarily assely laguage, then FORTRAN, made it
possible to write programs in a language other than binary, and offline card punch
machines allowed programmers to prepare their programs for entry without tying up
the machine.
• Algol, COBOL, and Lisp followed shortly after.
• New technology improved the reliability of the computers.
• All these advances combined to make the computer system practical for business
commercial use, especially for large businesses.
• Still, these computers were single-user batch systems.
• Initially, users submitted the cards that they had prepared to the computer for
execution.
• Later, separate, offline systems were developed that allowed the cards to be grouped
together onto a magnetic tape for processing together.
• Programs were then submitted to the computer room in the form of jobs.
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