HUMA 1845 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Rashidun, Ummah, Battle Of Ajnadayn
8 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
The rule of muhammad"s companions, the rashidun ( rightly guided caliphs ) and their contribution to the establishment of the islamic polity: *caliph (khalifa) lit. Mawali (non-arab converts to islam: *dar al-islam (the abode of islam, *dar al-harb (the abode of war) *abu bakr (632-634: close companion [ muhajir--one of first converts father of aisha muhammad"s close adviser companion of the cave (cave of thawr), old, respected careful, diplomatic led prayer during muhammad"s illness, good compromise choice acceptable to most parties. Won battles against the false prophet of yamama (musaylima) Completion of the quran under umars insistence due to the death of many companions at wars. *commander of the faithful (amir al-mu"minin)-title adopted by umar. Conquest expansion of persian and palestine and egypt. Fiscal policies of taxes on conquered lands *diwan (fiscal administration); *jiziya (poll tax); kharaj (land tax); zakat (alms tax) Leaves locals alone to speak own tongue does not assimilate them.
