KINE 4495 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Bone Density, Hypotonia, Intellectual Disability
15 Nov 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Introduction
Down syndrome is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability and
most of these patients face various health issues including learning, memory and
cardiovascular diseases. This is caused by a child born with an extra chromosome in each
of his or her cells. There are various features that occur such as; cranial-facial
abnormalities and hypotonic in early infancy Individuals may have variety of physical
characteristics such as; small chins, slanted eyes, poor muscle tone, flat nasal bridge, and
a large tongue. Many of the Down’s syndrome population suffer with both reduced bone
mineral density and lower extremity strength scores (Barnhart et al. 2007). When
compared to both age matched able bodied and individuals with Down’s Syndrome
physical activity decreases the risk of developing health issues such as obesity, type two
diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The cause for these abnormalities is due to presence
of an extra copy chromosome twenty-one leading to trisomy. Since several clinical
conditions are associated with Down’s syndrome, thus these patients require professional
specialization approach by providing adapted physical activity and continuously follow
up with the patients.
The most significant physiological factors related to exercise capacity and work
performance in humans include peak oxygen uptake (VO2max). Individuals with
intellectual disability that have low levels of work capacity have lower levels of peak
oxygen consumption (Shields, 2010). A rising issue is that these individuals
progressively receive less physical activity. Inducing moderate intensity exercises has
shown increase self-efficacy among individuals with and without Down’s syndrome
(Mendonca et al. 2016). To accommodate the lack of fitness prescribing adapted physical
exercises would increased their health and wellness. Although people with Down’s
Syndrome already possess medical conditions that may magnify their sedentary way of
living life which can lead to many barriers to physical activity. The purpose of this
research is to investigate the affect of self-efficacy on physical activity for adults with
Down’s syndrome. Determining what prevents physical activity for adults with Down’s
syndrome secondly, it is equally as important to find the facilitator roles that enforce
physical activity. Discussion
In 2011, Williams et al. stated that the evidence from their research supported the other
data examining the total effectiveness of physical activity on the Down’s syndrome
population. This statement is supported by the aforementioned discussion of other
research. There are few possible theoretical strengths and limitations to explain this
research.
Barriers to Self-Efficacy
Adults with Down’s Syndrome go through vast variety of barriers that hinders them
from participating in physical activities such as; inadequate expenses, lack of a support to
encourage engagement of activity, physiological and physiological qualities. Many of
these barriers can have major deciding factor whether or not they are able to exercise.
People with Down’s syndrome talked about how parents were unable to support
themselves financially and the result of this was an additional financial burden on the rest
of the family. Possessing financial burden will limit self-efficacy in physical activity.
Furthermore a support person that does not have self-efficacy for physical and emotional
support is crucial barrier. Having the lack of physical instructional knowledge can limit
Document Summary
Down syndrome is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability and most of these patients face various health issues including learning, memory and cardiovascular diseases. This is caused by a child born with an extra chromosome in each of his or her cells. There are various features that occur such as; cranial-facial abnormalities and hypotonic in early infancy individuals may have variety of physical characteristics such as; small chins, slanted eyes, poor muscle tone, flat nasal bridge, and a large tongue. Many of the down"s syndrome population suffer with both reduced bone mineral density and lower extremity strength scores (barnhart et al. When compared to both age matched able bodied and individuals with down"s syndrome physical activity decreases the risk of developing health issues such as obesity, type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The cause for these abnormalities is due to presence of an extra copy chromosome twenty-one leading to trisomy.
