MODR 1760 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Psychological Egoism, Relativism, Rational Agent
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1. If a strong argument has a false conclusion, then not all its premises can be true.
True |
False |
2. Reference works, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, are completely reliable sources of information, otherwise, they wouldn't be reference works.
True |
False |
3. You are rationally justified in accepting the view of the majority of experts in a given subject, even if this view turns out later to have been incorrect.
True |
False |
4. If someone has given bad reasons for a claim's acceptance, the claim should always be rejected.
True |
False |
5. If no reasons have been given for a claim's acceptance, the claim should always be rejected.
True |
False |
6. If you have reason to believe that an expert is biased, you should reject that expert's claim as false.
True |
False |
7. If we 'suspend judgment' on a claim, then we think the claim is false.
True |
False |
8. Our most reliable source of information about the world is our own observations.
True |
False |
9. Media consolidation (otherwise known as "media concentration") refers to the process of larger companies buying up smaller media companies.
True |
False |
10. Choose the answer that best characterizes the following passage: "The ensemble played an encore at last year's concert, and I'm pretty sure they played one the year before as well. So they will most likely play an encore at this year's concert."
This passage is neither an attempt at an argument nor an attempt at an explanation. It is just a series of claims. |
This passage is an explanation. |
This passage is an attempt at a deductive argument. |
This passage is an attempt at an inductive argument. |
11. Choose the answer that best characterizes the following passage: "Sheila's clarinet must be French. It's a Leblanc, and all Leblanc instruments are made in France."
This passage is neither an argument nor an explanation. |
This passage is a deductive argument. |
This passage is an inductive argument. |
This passage is both deductive and inductive. |
Rand's Objectivism Aristotle's concept of Virtue Thomas Aquinas' concept of conscience Socrates' concept of excellence |
Sentiment in response to the suffering of others Acknowledging the sufferings of others Acts of altruism Acts contrary to Objectivism |
Setting aside ethical criteria in special cases Taking steps to avoid condemnation of others Using one set of criteria for judging cases concerning ourselves and another for all others Suspending judgment when concerned that the consequences would be too severe |
To indicate that one choice is better than others To show what actions are legal To convey requirements and obligations To indicate that there are really no choices available |
Kant's Categorical Imperative Social Contract Theory Ethical Egoism Gilligan |
A perpetual state of warfare The establishment of a monarchy Taxation to support the costs of government Organized ways to select leaders |
Hydroelectric power Tidal flow generators Biomass waste systems Solar cells |
The social contract according to Locke Deontological ethics according to Mill Natural law ethics according to Aquinas Deontological ethics according to Kant |
Ends-based Economy-based Law-based Efficiency-based |
To determine whether the situation described is accurate To determine whether the premises are true before continuing To determine whether the conclusion proceeds from the premises To determine that there are only two premise statements in the syllogism |
Some choices of action are more realistic than others In deciding to choose one action, the other possible choices will be lost Not everybody involved will be happy with the choice There may be significant personal costs to choosing |
Personal virtues Self-interest Ability to learn lessons Conscience |
Accounting for unintended consequences Fiduciary interests to be honored The amount of happiness produced The principle to be honored |
Rawls' notion of the veil of ignorance Aristotle's notion of the doctrine of the mean Hammurabi's code of law Hobbes' state of nature |
Normative ethics Consequentialist ethics Deontological ethics Interdisciplinary ethics |
Aristotle Luther Augustine Socrates |
Personal standards of behavior for family members Pricing structures for services Non-competition among members Meeting ethical and competency standards in order to practice within a jurisdiction |
There is no deficiency Being broke (having no money) Stinginess Moderation |
conflict resolution systems. objectivist tactics. primary schools of ethics. care-based ethics. |
Principles of ethics Concern for outcomes Emotions Subjective sense of identity |