PHIL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Teleological Argument, Ontological Argument, Panentheism
21 May 2018
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God attributions in religion
• All powerful (Omnipotent)
• All-good (Omnibenevolent)
• All-knowing (Omniscient)
Philosophical terminology
Theism- belief in the existence of God
Atheism- belief that God not not exist
Agnosticism- Neither belief, not disbelief
Monotheism- Belief in one God
Polytheism- Belief in many God
Deism= God created the world then let nature run it
Pantheism= The Universe and God are the same, a divine whole
Panentheism= The Universe is part of God, rather than identical with God.
Aquinas’s arguments about the existence of God
5 arguments:
1. The argument from motion
2. First cause argument
3. Argument from contingency
4. Argument from degree
5. Teleological argument
Argument from motion
P1) In the world, some things are in motion.
P2) Whatever is put in motion is put in motion by another.
P3) There can be no infinite chain of movers.
C: Therefore, there is a first mover (Primmum movens), unmoved (God)
The Ontological Argument
• God is that than which none greater can be conceived (the greatest possible
being)
• That than which none greater can be conceived exists in the understanding (god
exists as an idea in the mind)
o Must exist in reality this is the proof of god- bc if it existed only as an idea
it wouldn't be great enough, god by definition exists- greatest possible
being
The Design Argument
• There is a god, how animals, humans, eyes, etc, can be done without a god or
intelligent DESIGNER
Argument against the existence of God: The argument from evil
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
God attributions in religion: all powerful (omnipotent, all-good (omnibenevolent, all-knowing (omniscient) Deism= god created the world then let nature run it. Pantheism= the universe and god are the same, a divine whole. Panentheism= the universe is part of god, rather than identical with god. 5 arguments: the argument from motion, first cause argument, argument from contingency, argument from degree, teleological argument. P1) in the world, some things are in motion. P2) whatever is put in motion is put in motion by another. P3) there can be no infinite chain of movers. C: therefore, there is a first mover (primmum movens), unmoved (god) The design argument: there is a god, how animals, humans, eyes, etc, can be done without a god or intelligent designer. Argument against the existence of god: the argument from evil: argument for atheism, p1: there is a lot of unnecessary suffering in the world (unnecessary suffering suffering that is not necessary for a greater good)
