BIO 281 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Herbivore, Commensalism, Parasitism
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QUESTION 1
These include simultaneous consideration of tolerance ranges for all conditions, resource requirements (of all biotic and abiotic resources), and habitat preferences.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 2
Interspecific competition has this outcome when the effects of intraspecific competition outweigh the effects of interspecific competition.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 3
The range of places that species could occupy based on suitability; a hypothetical location and ecological/trophic role in the absence of ecological interactions such as competition.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 4
Graphs of the Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model illustrate coexistence of two species with one of these features.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niches | c. | . Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | . Isoclines | h. | . Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 5
When a particular species always outcompetes a second species in the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition, these features will never intersect.
a. | Fundamental ecological niches | b. | Hutchinsonian ecological niche | c. | Realized ecological niches | d. | Competition coefficients | e. | Competitive exclusion | f. | Coexistence | g. | Isoclines | h. | Stable equilibria | i. | Unstable equilibria |
QUESTION 6
When prey/foods increase in abundance, the predator population increases through reproduction and/or immigration.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator | i. | This is not an answer- don't choose it! |
QUESTION 7
Endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, gut âmicrofloraâ and lichens are examples of this type of ecological interaction.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 8
Prey switching, prey mechanisms to avoid predation (via increased group size), and formation of search images generate variations of this phenomenon.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 9
Generally do not kill their prey, and consume only one (or perhaps a few) individual prey during a particular developmental phase or lifetime.
a. | Amensilism | b. | Commensilism | c. | . Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
QUESTION 10
Extremely asymmetric competition and âaccidentsâ can result in this ecological interaction.
a. | Amensilism | b. | . Commensilism | c. | Functional response | d. | Mutualism | e. | Numerical response | f. | Parasite | g. | Parasitoid | h. | True predator |
You wanted to track the spread of the invasive polyphagous shot-hole borer, so each year for the last 3 years you counted the number of trees in the Arroyo that were infested with them. This is an example of:
an experimental study |
an observational study |
peer review |
cherrypicking data |
The biggest threat to Johnson's seagrass is:
Habitat destruction |
Climate change |
Over-harvesting |
Hunting |
Which of the answers below could be a hypothesis related to the the contents of the box you examined in lab?
There is no possible way to determine what is inside the box. |
The box contains a metallic or metal like object. |
The objects in the box make a 'clinking' sound like keys. |
The box is an example of the scientific method. |
When placing a slide on the microscope in lab ______________.
make sure that the slide is secure under the stage clips |
check to make sure that the slide is not jammed under the stage clips |
raise the stage to the maximum height and then place slide on the stage |
be sure the highest power or 40x objective is in place to view slide. |
Plants that lack vascular tissue are called
angiosperms |
ferns |
gymnosperms/conifers |
bryophytes |
In the Arroyo Seco the tree squirrels and the native woods rats are observed to build nests in the same old growth Live Oak trees. Theses nesting sites are limited. Which relationship would best describe these two species?
parasitism |
herbivore |
competition |
mutualism |
The small white insects (cochineal) that live on the Beaver Tail cactus in the Arroyo Seco suck sap and water from the cactus without providing anything for the cactus in return. This is an example of ______.
competition |
mutualism |
predation |
parasitism |
commensalism |
Invasive species can have important effects on biological communities by ______.
competing with native species for food |
displacing native species |
competing with native species for resources |
preying upon native species |
All of these options are correct. |