BIOL3040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Electrochemical Gradient, Transmembrane Protein, Mechanotransduction
Document Summary
I(cid:374) o(cid:374)e of your (cid:272)lasses, you lear(cid:374) that it is possi(cid:271)le to (cid:862)fuse(cid:863) t(cid:449)o (cid:272)ells i(cid:374)to o(cid:374)e (cid:271)igger (cid:272)ell. You do the cell fusion, and you are excited to see that your experiment worked! You want to show your friend, so you go home, and an hour later, the two of you get back into lab. Because of lateral diffusion, the red and blue molecules will become mixed. In order to make the cells stay in place, you could fix them as soon as you see the hybrid cell. Facilitated transport: small nonpolar molecules diffuse easily, small uncharged polar molecules can move across slowly, larger uncharged polar molecules (aa, glucose, nucleosides) even harder to get through. Ions cannot get through a hydrophobic interior of the bilayer so there needs to be a transport protein. Cystic fibrosis: caused by protein misfolding in a transmembrane protein. Electrochemical gradients: sum of ion gradient and cell voltage gradient, provides stored energy for the cell.
