Russia and Ottoman Empire
Before 1850s
Crimean War (1854-56)
After 1850s
Russia in the 19th Century
Enormous
250-300 years of expansion
6.5 million square miles
Monarchy run by czar
A century behind, backwards structure
19th Century Russian Society
Tzar
All powerful
Authoritarian
Government (elite nobles)
Owns all the land
Church
Linked to nobility
Army
No promotion
Boyars (nobles)
Control the peasants and serfs on behalf of the tzar
Local sheriffs
peasants/serfs
serfs = half of peasant population
Owned by nobles
Sellable
Exploitable
Expellable
Ottoman Empire in the 19th Century
Covered 3 continents: Africa, Asia, Europe
Political / religious empire: protectors of the sacred city
Mecca
Helps keep in power
Sultan
Leader
overseer/protector of Mecca
Sunni Muslim
Believe that Mohammed successors are elected from a qualified group
Shea, Christian, Jews
Keep peace
Multi-ethnic empire
Ottoman Empire: “Sick Man of Europe”
Overpopulation
Un-industrialized
Foreign interference
Lost Algeria to France in 1830
Once your rep as a power is undermined, it is hard to recover
Unequal treaties
Nationalism
Lost Greece in 1821
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