MCELLBI C61 Lecture 12: Brain imaging

60 views5 pages

aquamarinedeer255

3 Jul 2015

School

Berkeley

Department

Molecular And Cell Biology

Course

MCELLBI C61

Professor

David Presti

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Mri, magnetic eld, nuclear spin (proton = hydrogen atom) Line up all the hydrogen atoms with the strong magnetic eld in the machine. Collecting information about what kind of energy is needed to ip the atoms to deduce the chemical environment (e. g. in proteins) invasive (autopsy, x-ray, ct, pet) and noninvasive (mri, fmri, eeg, meg) dynamic brain imaging. Pen eld"s neurosurgical techniques (recording brain activity when the person is conscious) Eeg (electrodes on the surface of the scalp) Meg: detect the magnetic elds generated by the electric activities in the brain. Squid technology: superconductors that can detect the minimal magnetic eld. Pet scan, positron (anti-electron) (released by radioactive decay) cancel out with electron, radioactive isotopes capture gamma rays of 180 degree (emitted by a pair of photons) Track where the injected substance is going cyclotron (used to make isotopes), ernest lawrence.

Related Questions

A patient has a brain tumor that secretes large amounts of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). (a) What effect would this have on urine volume and blood pressure? Explain your answer. (b) Would you expect this patient to have elevated or reduced levels of the hormone aldosterone in their blood? Why?

1.In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman published the âangiogenic hypothesisâ suggesting that a tumor cannot grow beyond 1â2 millimeters without the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) that provide access to oxygen and nutrients. During the 1990s, it was discovered that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates migration and proliferation of the cells that form blood vessels, leading to the formation of new blood vessels. VEGF binds to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface and causes the RTKs to dimerize and become active, thereby initiating an intracellular signaling cascade that stimulates cell division and inhibits apoptosis. Many cancer cells secrete high levels of VEGF and increased VEGF expression in a tumor is correlated with a poor medical outcome for the patient. You work for a biotechnology company that seeks to create anti-cancer drugs that prevent growth of tumors and/or cause tumors to shrink, while leaving normal cells relatively untouched. Your company has purchased the rights to therapeutic uses of VEGF derived proteins as anti-tumor drugs. You have found that the VEGF protein has 2 domains, one involved in receptor binding, the other is required for dimerization of VEGF. You propose to make mutant versions of the protein that will act as antagonists of the receptor to be given to patients as an IV treatment as a way to inhibit the endogenous VEGF secreted by the tumor.

a.Which of the 2 domains should you mutate (receptor binding or dimerization)?

b. How do you expect the introduction of the mutant protein into the bloodstream of patients to block tumor progression (in other words, why did you change the domain in part a)?

peachmoose600

A 75-year-old man was found unconscious in his bathroom after falling and hitting his head. He survived for several hours but died later in the hospital. An autopsy was performed to determine the exact cause of death. Evidence indicated that the man had suffered two strokes, both due to blocked blood vessels. One had occurred a few weeks earlier, and the other had occurred very recently and may have led to the fall. Autopsy findings also indicated that, when the man hit his head, some damage to his brain occurred as well. Based on what you know about inflammation and the cellular structure of the brain, describe what the pathologist found in each of the damaged areas of the brain.

MCELLBI C61 Lecture 12: Brain imaging

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

MCELLBI C61 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Penetrating Head Injury, Closed Head Injury, Substantia Nigra

MCELLBI C61 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Angina Pectoris, Blind Experiment, Cognitive Training

MCELLBI C61 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Anterograde Amnesia, Retrograde Amnesia, Vascular Dementia

Related Questions