BIOL-4670 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Heinz Body, Biliverdin, Anisocytosis
Document Summary
Maturation: six stages, marrow: stage 1-4, marrow/blood: stage 5, blood: stage 6, rubriblast prorubricyte rubricyte metarubricyte reticulocyte mature. 18 20 microns largest, most immature. Blue with red-orange tinged cytoplasm: metarubricyte. Increased cytoplasm, slightly blue toned with red-orange tinges: reticulocyte. Remnant rna visual, stains bluish red: mature rbc. Disk shaped with a central pallor (1-3 microns) Membrane is a protein shell coated with lipids that controls volume through sodium potassium pump. Two energy pathways: embden-meyerhoff atp, membrane, hexose-monophosphate nadph, keeps gsh reduced. Rbc membrane: necessary conditions, must be deformable, adequate hemoglobin structure/function, must maintain osmotic balance/permeability, layers, outermost glycolipids and glycoproteins, directly underneath cell membrane, central cholesterol and phospohlipids. Glycophorins a, b, c 60% carbohydrates and sialic acid: creates negative charge to rbcs, peripheral. Can stretch to 117% of its surface area. Hemoglobin synthesis, function, and measurement: synthesis and structure, hemoglobin normally only present in rbcs, carries oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, three building blocks, globin.
