BMS 360 Lecture Notes - Proximal Tubule, Paresthesia, Central Nervous System Depression
Document Summary
High concentrations of acid can be extremely damaging to proteins and cellular processes and must be closely regulated. Acid can alter the structure of and denature enzymes and other proteins. Acidosis (low ph): cns depression, confusion, coma, respiratory inhibition. Alkalosis (high ph): overactive neurons; paresthesia; muscle twitches; muscle tetanus with paralysis of respiratory muscles. Much of nonvolatile acids is metabolized to hco3. In intestines (loss equivalent to increased h+) The role of ventilation in regulating h+ via co2 ventilation was discussed earlier. This is the predominant compensatory mechanism for regulating h+ The role of the kidneys in regulating h+ excreted is discussed next. This is an important component of the compensatory mechanism. The kidneys filter about 400 g bicarbonate per day, and this is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules to maintain buffering capacity in the blood. Tubular epithelial cell secretes h+ (via na+/h+ atpase) into proximal tubule lumen. Urine carries h+ in buffered form (reservoir) as.
