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EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Haemophilia, Antirrhinum, Chromosome

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lavendermosquito687

26 Jun 2018

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Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

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LELTWREI5: 06 . 26 . 18 15

NON -MENDEHAN

grecall :one gene

=one trait ,traits =independent,single dominance

ftp.t#flhuFrmFwngu.ao.EnnfEsmaiamF.,mwauwimi.mmnmwIEeIEe

=WWMPVETE DONUNANCE :afoot afoot

=

where neither allele completely dominates &results In mended phenotype

Boogers orders

-Example :

snapdragon plant color Lrr .red ,rv =pink ,

w-white )

A=wbomr NANCE :

PGWODTYPE =both andes are company dominant &truly expressed

t

U-Example :brood type (AB are wdominant ,ois recessive )Fa

at

7=NWWTHWEK GENETKG :¥#g

=

gene

has more Than 2www.lmostgenes are like this )adsorbing

areas

=NEW TROPHY :

=

Multiple traits controlled by more Than one gene

-

genes regulate development are often preiotropiu

=EPISTNMG :

=one

gene dependent on presence of one or more

"modifier

gene

"

-

Example :labrador coat color -one gene

tens brown Iblack

another gene dictates if color is expressed or not .

>=poly GEMU UNHERITANCE :

TEN

=nmtipw genes contribute to single trait

>Take

-most traits are polygenic

-Example :

Eyelhaivlsfin color ,height THE

=ENVIRONMENTAL UWPACTG :

[

phenotype attired by environment ;environment affects expression of genes

Example :Horshoe coat color -while In cord ,mown in not temps

=UNKATE :(dependent assortment )

=

genes

that are very close together

on same chromosome Tend to stay together during crossing over

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Document Summary

= wwmpvete where recall one gene one trait traits. Example brood company ( ab type dominant truly expressed are wdominant o is recessive ) Than one gene genes regulate development are often preiotropiu. Epistnmg one gene dependent on presence of labrador coat color one one or more modifier tens brown gene. Unheritance gene dictates if gene color is expressed or. = nmtipw genes contribute to single trait most traits. In cord environment mown in affects expression of genes not temps. Unkate (dependent assortment genes that are very close together on same chromosome. W - tinted ) on y by - tinted ) to : 50 probability. Most sex - linked disorders are recessive lx - tinted recessive ) woman can only be carriers of recessive hinted men more likely expressed hunted because only. Hemophilia p bad cannot traits onto pass sons.

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Related Questions

Match the following definitions with the correct term. (We have not yet cover all of them in class, but you can find them in your reading.)

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

A single mutation affects several traits.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

The frequency with which individuals of a given genotype manifest the mutant phenotype.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

A phenotypic trait whose expression depends on the additive effect of a number of genes.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Expression of a gene is dependent on whether it has been inherited from the male or female parent.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Phenotypic effects on the offspring produced by the maternal genome.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Genetic information transmitted by chloroplasts or mitochondria.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

The degree in which a phenotype for a given trait is expressed.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Determines whether two mutations are at the same locus or different loci.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Genetic differences that are due to alterations of the DNA that do not included changes in base sequence.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Characteristic determined by a gene on a sex chromosome.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Characteristic encoded on an autosome that is more readily expressed in one sex.

-

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

A gene at one locus that masks or suppresses the effect of a gene at a different locus.

A.

pleiotropy

B.

cytoplasmic inheritance

C.

epigenetics

D.

polygeneic inheritance

E.

imprinting

F.

sex-influenced trait

G.

sex-linked trait

H.

penetrance

I.

expressivity

J.

maternal effect

K.

complementation test

L.

epistasis

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?

Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.

Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.

Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.

Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?

independent assortment

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?

polygenic inheritance

multiple alleles

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:

a single characteristic

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?

Chestnut x Cream

Palomino x Cream

Palomino x Chestnut

Palomino x Palomino

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?

multiple alleles

polygenic inheritance

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?

multiple alleles

polygenic inheritance

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?

Both the dominant and recessive alleles

Recessive allele

Allosteric allele

Dominant allele

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr Ã AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.

Incomplete dominance

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?

polygenic inheritance

multiple alleles

coppersea-lion534

answer to: matching:

Complete Dominance________

Genomic Imprinting_________

Incomplete Dominance________

Co-dominance __________

Polygenic trait___________

Lethal allele______________

Pleiotropy_____________

Penetrance___________

Sex-limited trait_________

Sex-influenced trait________

Anticipation ____________

Expressivity ____________

A. Heterozygotes have phenotypes intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

B. The heterozygote simultaneously expresses the phenotypes of both homozygotes.

C. Causes death at an early stage of development so that some genotypes do not appear among the progeny.

D. The percentage of individuals having a particular phenotype that exhibit the expected phenotype.

E. The phenotype of the heterozygote is the same as the phenotype of one of the homozygotes.

F. A trait determined by an autosomal gene that is more easily expressed in one sex

G. A trait determined by an autosomal gene that is expressed in only one sex

H. A trait determined by genes at many loci

I. The expression of a trait is affected by the sex of the parent that transmits the gene to the offspring

J. The trait appears earlier or more severely in succeeding generations

K. Degree to which a trait is expressed

L. A gene affects more than one phenotype