BSC 4930 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Alternative Splicing, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Rna Interference
Document Summary
Rna level: post transcriptional: rna interference- micro-rna, alternative splicing- different splice sites to create different proteins in different tissue types. Protein degradation: tagged with ubiquitin sends them to proteasome to be degraded: rate of protein degradation can impact gene expression. Cell signaling: paracrine (local)/synaptic (local)/endocrine (long distance) 3 stages: reception- cell detects ligand (signaling molecule; binds to receptor protein, transduction- moving signal into cell, response- stimulation of growth; induction of apoptosis; change in gene expression of target cell. Membrane receptors: g-protein coupled- g-protein bind gtp to activate, receptor tyrosine kinase- phosphorylates tyrosine to act as a (cid:862)switch(cid:863, ligand-gated ion channel: acts as a gate with ligand binds to receptor to let specific ions in. Protein kinases: transfer phosphates from atp protein phosphorylation. 3 common second messengers: cyclic amp, ip3, calcium ions. Notch mutants: lof leads to excessive overgrowth of nervous tissue: ligands: delta and serrate, lateral inhibition- paracrine, works with lateral inhibition of neural differentiation.
