SPHR 2106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Neuroglia, Visual Cortex, Intellectual Disability
12 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Blastocyst cavity (first cells that implants into uterus) Embryo formation: two cavities: amniotic and yoke sac. Cells begin merging and form tube: neural tube-brain and spinal cord. Week 7: palate is beginning to form. Spina bifida: defective fusion of posterior vertebral column. Anencephaly: brain is smooth at birth, no convolutions, defective fusion of neural tube. Cranium bifidum: absence of posterior bone fusion. Arnold-chiari malformation: mis development of foramen magnum causes displacement of cerebellar tissue. Enlargement of ventricles because of inadequate ability of csf to flow through tube of fourth ventricle. Causes: environmental factors, radiation during critical growth periods,genetics. Reduced or absent sulci and gyri formation. Neurons start at inner most edges of tube and start proliferating. Neurons begin to migrate outward with radial glial cells. Process growth and synapse formation: growing axons and dendrites. Myelination: glial cells begin to myelinate axons. Process of coating the axon of each neuron with myelin.
