MGT 125 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Stereotype, Fundamental Attribution Error
15 Sep 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
MGT 125
Organizational Behavior
Fall 2018
● Cognitive Biases: Perception & Judgment (1)
○ Selective Perception: any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event
stand out will increase the probability that it will be perceived
○ Halo Effect: when we draw a general impression on the basis of a single
characteristic
○ Contrast Effect: when we evaluate a person, object, or event in comparison
with others we have recently encountered
● Cognitive Biases: Perception & Judgment (2)
○ Stereotyping: when we evaluate a person, object, or event based on our
perception of the group to which he/she/it belongs
○ Similarity-Attraction Bias: when we evaluate a person, object, or even in a
positive way if he/she/it is perceived as being similar to ourselves or something
that we like
○ Leading to in-group/out-group biases
● OB in Action: Perception and Judgment (1)
○ Would you hire this candidate?
● OB in Action: Perception and Judgment (2)
○ Would you publish this paper?
● Cognitive Biases: Causal Attribution Errors (WHY?)
● Fundamental Attribution Error
○ A tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal, personal factors
● Self-Serving Bias
○ Individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors
● Causal Attribution Errors
○ One’s Own Successes
Document Summary
Selective perception: any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out will increase the probability that it will be perceived. Halo effect: when we draw a general impression on the basis of a single characteristic. Contrast effect: when we evaluate a person, object, or event in comparison with others we have recently encountered. Stereotyping: when we evaluate a person, object, or event based on our perception of the group to which he/she/it belongs. Similarity-attraction bias: when we evaluate a person, object, or even in a positive way if he/she/it is perceived as being similar to ourselves or something that we like. Ob in action: perception and judgment (1) Ob in action: perception and judgment (2) A tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal, personal factors. Individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors. One"s own actions, capabilities, efforts, talent, regularity (self- serving bias) External pressures, circumstances, bad luck, or bad chance.
