POL SCI 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Caffeine, Sildenafil, Idazoxan
Document Summary
Pharmacokinetics: drug only able to have effect if absorbed into bloodstream and distributed to site of action (often referred to as mechanism of action) Getting the drug in: routes of administration include. Iv injection fastest route, delivered to bloodstream immediately. Intraperitoneal injection also rapid (not common in humans) Intramuscular injection drug absorbed through capillaries that supply muscle to bloodstream (buttocks) Oral ingestion most common in humans, can be destroyed by stomach acid, other enzymes. Sublingual administration beneath the tongue, absorbed through blood capillaries. Different forms of administration effect the level of drug concentration in the blood. Getting drugs out: drugs are typically deactivated by enzymes either in the brain, the blood, or in the liver. In most cases, drugs are excreted via the kidneys (in urine) Effects of repeated use: tolerance: over time, we can become tolerant to drugs. This is a decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered often.
