BIOL 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Peroxidase, Activation Energy, Anabolism

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greenmammoth879

10 Nov 2018

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The effect of temperature, ph and concentration on peroxidase enzyme activity. Enzymes are biological macromolecules built out from amino acids chain that a joined end to end. The propensity of enzymes to function as catalysts depends on the shape of the protein. In order for an enzyme to change the substrates molecule into product, the substrate must first bind with the enzyme. This generally occurs simply by the random collisions between, enzymes can be used to manufacture new structures and break down the compounds. There are some factors that affect the enzyme activity like temperature, ph and concentration. ,concentration will no longer be the limiting factor therefore the enzyme will be saturated thus the same with the increase of enzymes concentration. Likewise before the experiment began a hypothesis about the optimal temperature for peroxidase from turnips was formulated and it which included the independent and dependent variables of the experiment. ,5 minutes time frame and volume of ph buffer .

Related Questions

Select all the following that can be used to describe the sturcture of enzymes, the importance of the shape, and the relationship of enzyme shape and function.

Check all that apply.

1. Amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds with various chemical groups attached to give enxymes their two dimensional shape.

2. Amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds with various chemical groups attached to give enxymes their three dimensional shape.

3. Amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds with various chemical groups attached to give enzymes their four dimensional shape.

4. Aminso acids are linked by peptide bonds with hydrogen bonds between nearby amino and carboxyl groups to give enzymes their two dimensional shape.

5. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds with various chemical groups attached to give enzymes their four dimensional shape.

6. one or more polypeptide chains are folded and bond together in the fourth level of protein organization.

7. The shape of an enzyme determnes its function.

8. The number of amino acids in an enzyme determines its function.

9. The active sit binds with the substrate.

10. enzymes are substrate specific.

11. Alteration of active sites does not alter the enzymatic reaction.

Enzyme Activity

1. Briefly explain the principle of spectrophotometry.

2. Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?(check all correct answers)

		__ enzymes act on (are specific for) one or just a fewsubstrates
		__ enzymes can be denatured (loose their tertiary/quaternarystructure and activity) by extreme conditions such as heat, high orlow pH,or presence of organic solvents
		__most enzymes are DNA
		__ enzymes are protein
		__enzymes perform best at specific conditions of temperature, pHand salt concentration 5. Which enzymes break the following macromolecules? Match the following with their correponding answers: ___ Nucleic acids A. proteases or proteinases such as pepsin ___ Cellulose B. none ___ Triglycerides C. lipases ___ Proteins D. amylases ___ Starch E. nucleases 6.Match the following enzymes totheir products. Answers ___ pepsin, trypsin and other digestive proteases A.Nucleotides ___ salivary and pancreatic amylases and other enzymes B. AminoAcids ___ lipases C. Monosaccharides ___ nucleases D. fatty acids and glycerol 7. Based on experiments, what is the effect of extremeconditions of pH and temperature (boiling tube) on enzymeactivity? 8. ATP stores energy in the form of___ ___ Chemical energy ___ Kinetic energy ___ Thermal energy ___ Activation energy 9. An allosteric site in anenzyme is____ __ the site where reactions occur __ the site that binds aregulator __ the site that binds thesubstrate __ the site that binds the product 10. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by making thetransition state less stable. __ True __ False 11. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by placing reactingparts of the molecule in favorable positions. __ True __ False 12. Which of the followingis a mechanism for regulation of enzymes? __ covalent modification __ feedback inhibition __ allosteric regulation __ all of the above 13. Which of the following represents a correct order of eventsin an enzyme catalytic cycle? 1.enzyme changes shape 2.substrate binds to active site 3.substrate is converted to products 4. products are released from activesite __ 1>2>3>4 __ 2>1>3>4 __ 3>2>1>4 __ 2>4>3>1

cyancicada301

1. The active site of an enzyme usually consists of a pocket on the enzyme surface lined with the amino acid side chains necessary to bind the substrate and catalyze its chemical transformation. Carboxypeptidase, which sequentially removes the carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues from its peptide substrates, consists of a single chain of 307 amino acids. The two essential catalytic groups in the active site are furnished by Arg¹⁴⁵ and Glu²⁷⁰ .

a. How many amino acid residues apart are these two amino acids?

b. Explain how it is that these two amino acids, so distantly separated in the sequence, can catalyze a reaction occurring in the space of a few tenth of a nanometer?

c. If only these two catalytic groups are involved in the mechanism of hydrolysis, why is it necessary for the enzyme to contain such a large number of aa residues?

2. What level of protein structure would be disrupted by the following below

a. heat

b. strong acid

c. saturated salt solution

d. organic solvents such as alcohol and chloroform

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BIOL 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Peroxidase, Activation Energy, Anabolism

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