BIOS10162 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Open Reading Frame, Human Genome Project, Frederick Sanger
31 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Dog genome project in 1990s to find relationships between phenotypic variation, genes, and diseases. Determining the nucleotide base sequence of an organism"s genome. Genomes of different species compared to find dna differences and evolutionary relationships. Human genome project completed in 2003 (to detect dna damage in people exposed to radiation in japan during wwii) Chromosomes (different sizes) can be separated, identified and experimentally manipulated. Break dna into small fragments simultaneous sequencing reactions. Developed to stop cell division in cancer. High-throughput sequencing (miniaturization + dna replication + pcr) techniques. Dna cut (mechanically/ chemically) into 100bp-long fragments and denatured. Oligonucleotides attached to each fragment attached to a solid support (microbead or flat surface) amplified via pcr. Fragments are denatured and universal primer + dntps tagged w fluorescent colour dye are added. Dna synthesis reaction- only one nucleotide added to strand each cycle (detected by camera) Ordering possible because original dna fragments are overlapping.
