NUTR 400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Neural Tube Defect, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Gestational Diabetes
Document Summary
Environmental hazards: teratogen: a substance that can cause a birth defect. Pregnancy terms: gestation: aka pregnancy (40 weeks, trimester: 3 time periods of pregnancy; each 13-14 weeks long, zygote: fertilized egg, embryo: developing offspring (week 3-8, fetus: developing offspring (>8) The placenta: organ of pregnancy, nourishment, waste removal, hormone production. Nutrient needs of pregnancy: energy: growth of tissue; increased metabolism, protein: growth of tissue, efas: brain and eye development, zinc: health pregnancy outcome, folate & b12: rbcs & neural tube, iron: rbcs & fetal iron stores. Nutritional issues: cravings & aversions, morning sickness & nausea, heartburn, edema, pica: craving non-food substances. Maternal/fetal health: anemia, gestational diabetes, neural tube defects, fetal alcohol syndrome, hiv/aids, pregnancy induced hypertenion, preeclampsia/eclampsia. Mammary glands: puberty: development of alveoli (estrogen, pregnancy: increased alveoli maturation & duct growth (placental hormones, parturition & suckling: milk production & release (prolactin& oxytocin) Hindmilk (higher in fat: more calories needed for lactation than pregnancy.
