PHYS 1151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Vacuum Chamber, Ap Physics B, Equations Of Motion

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aquamarinerhinoceros650

21 Mar 2018

School

Northeastern University

Department

Physics

Course

PHYS 1151

Professor

Arun Bansil

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Document Summary

2 motion in one dimension: the nature of physical quantities: scalars and vectors, scalar quantity that describes only magnitude (how much), not including direction; ex. mass, temperature, time, volume, distance, speed, color, etc. It makes no sense to say it: vector describes both magnitude and direction; ex. displacement, velocity, force, etc. Frames of reference standard for comparison; any movement of position, distance, or speed is made against a frame of reference; with respect to earth is most common (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7) (cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:10)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:2)(cid:12)(cid:7) (cid:6)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:8)(cid:7) (cid:14)(cid:3)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:7) (cid:10)(cid:9)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:7) (cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:17)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:7) (cid:10)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:5)(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:17)(cid:5)(cid:12)(cid:7) (cid:18)(cid:16)(cid:5)(cid:19)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:5)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:7) (cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:6)(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:10)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:17)(cid:7)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:18)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:10)(cid:19)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:2)(cid:23)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:13)(cid:12)(cid:25)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:14)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:28)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:3)(cid:29)(cid:2)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:30)(cid:21)(cid:3) (cid:22)(cid:2)(cid:23)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:16)(cid:12)(cid:31)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:14)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:18)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:3)(cid:9)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:10)(cid:2)(cid:5)(cid:22) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:29)(cid:12)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:6)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:10)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:30)(cid:21)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:2)(cid:23)(cid:13)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:7)(cid:3)! (cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:10)(cid:14)(cid:3)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:3)"(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:10)#(cid:3) Distance vs. displacement: (cid:1) distance total length moved or total ground covered; a scalar quantity no direction necessary! If you ran around the track, you would go a distance of 400 meters: (cid:1) displacement defined as the change in position ( x or delta x means xf(cid:12)xi) with respect to a reference point. If you ran around the track, your displacement would be zero meters.

Related Questions

which of the vectors below best represents the direction of the impulse vector j⃗ ?

To learn about the impulse-momentum theorem and its applications in some common cases.

Using the concept of momentum, Newton's second law can be rewritten as

?F? =dp? dt, (1)

where ?F? is the net force F? net acting on the object, and dp? dt is the rate at which the object's momentum is changing.

If the object is observed during an interval of time between times t1 and t2, then integration of both sides of equation (1) gives

?t2t1?F? dt=?t2t1dp? dtdt. (2)

The right side of equation (2) is simply the change in the object's momentum p2??p1?. The left side is called the impulse of the net force and is denoted by J? . Then equation (2) can be rewritten as

J? =p2??p1?.

This equation is known as the impulse-momentum theorem. It states that the change in an object's momentum is equal to the impulse of the net force acting on the object. In the case of a constant net force F? net acting along the direction of motion, the impulse-momentum theorem can be written as

F(t2?t1)=mv2?mv1. (3)

Here F, v1, and v2 are the components of the corresponding vector quantities along the chosen coordinate axis. If the motion in question is two-dimensional, it is often useful to apply equation (3) to the x and y components of motion separately.

( The following questions will help you learn to apply the impulse-momentum theorem to the cases of constant and varying force acting along the direction of motion. First, let us consider a particle of mass m moving along the x-axis. The net force F is acting on the particle along the x-axis. F is a constant force.)

A) The particle starts from rest at t=0. What is the magnitude p of the momentum of the particle at time t? Assume that t>0.

B) The particle starts from rest at t=0. What is the magnitude v of the velocity of the particle at time t? Assume that t>0.

C) The particle has the momentum of magnitude p1 at a certain instant. What is p2, the magnitude of its momentum ?t seconds later?

D) The particle has the momentum of magnitude p1 at a certain instant. What is v2, the magnitude of its velocity ?t seconds later?

E) Find the magnitude of the impulse J delivered to the particle.

F) Which of the vectors below best represents the direction of the impulse vector J??
(Figure 1)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

puceworm982

1. An object is dropped from a height.Once it is moving,which ofthe following statements are true,at least at one point?
a)its velocity is more than its accelerations
b)its velocity is less than its acceleration
c)its velocity is the same as its acceleration
d)its velocity is never equal to its acceleration

2. Which type of quantity is characterized by both magnitude anddirection?
a)scalar
b)vector
c)trigonometric
d)algebraic variable

3. A hiker walks 200m west and then walks 100m north. In whatdirection is her resulting displacement?
a)north
b)west
c)northwest
d)none of the answer is correct

4. Vector 1 is 7 units long and is at 70 degree. Vector 2 is 5units long and is at 225 degree. Vector 3 is a 3 units long and isat 150 degree. Which vector has equal magnitude components?
a)Vector 1
b)vector2
c)vector 3
d)none of the vectors has equal magnitude components??????

5. Which of the following is an example of the type of force thatacts at a distance?
a)gravitational
b)magnetic
c)electrical
d)all of the above

6. A crate weight W is being pushed across a horizontal surface bya force directed at an angle of 20 degrees below the horizontal.What is the magnitude of the normal force on the crate?
a)it is less then W
b)it equals W
c)it is more than W
d)none of the above since the coefficient of kinetic friction isnot given

7. The net force on an object is in the positive x-direction.Consider the following statements.
(i) The object can be moving in the negative x-direction.
(ii) The object can be speeding up.
(iii) The object can be slowing down.
(iv) The object can be moving in the positive y-direction.

Which of the statements are true?
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. Choose this answer if all the statements are true.

8.The work done by static friction can be:
a. positive.
b. negative.
c. zero.
d. Any of the above.

9.The rate at which work is done is equivalent to which of thefollowing?
a. increase in potential energy
b. thermal energy
c. potential energy
d. power

10.The dimensional equivalent of the quantity impulse in terms ofthe fundamental quantities (mass, length,
time) is which of the following?
a. MLT-1
b. ML2T-2
c. MLT
d. MLT-2

11. The dimensional equivalence of the quantity "momentum" in termsof the fundamental quantities (mass,
length, time) is:
a. MLT-1.
b. ML2T-2.
c. MLT.
d. MLT-2.

12.In order for a satellite to be geosynchronous, its orbitmust:
a. go over the North and South Poles.
b. be over the equator.
c. be over a single longitude.
d. emit television signals.

13. The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamentalquantities of mass, length, and time) is equivalent
to:
a. MLT-2.
b. ML2T-1.
c. ML2T-3.
d. ML3T.
d. MLT-2.

PHYS 1151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Vacuum Chamber, Ap Physics B, Equations Of Motion

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