BIO-8 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Frequency-Dependent Selection, Promiscuity, Bluethroat

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lemonwasp425

4 Dec 2020

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Mating systems describe the pattern of mating between males and females. Mating system: the number of mates each individual has and the permanence of the relationship with those mates. Sperm generally takes much less energy to produce than eggs. A female"s reproductive success depends on how many eggs she can produce and mate quality; a male"s success depends on the number of females he can fertilize. Promiscuity: males mate with multiple females and females mate with multiple males and do not create lasting social bonds; common among animals and outcrossing plants. Polygamy: a single individual of one sex forms long-term social bonds with more than one individual of the opposite sex. Polygyny: a polygamous mating system in which a male mates with more than one female. Polygyny may evolve when males compete for females, or when a male can defend territory and resources. Polyandry: a polygamous mating system in which a female mates with more than one male.

Related Questions

Suppose you are studying a species of primate. Female primates generally live in 5-km2 home ranges that overlap very little with neighboring home range territories. The primates can travel up to 5 km in one day and both males and females care for young. Which type of breeding system is most likely under these circumstances?

Select one:

a. Monogamy

b. Polyandry

c. Polygyny

d. Promiscuity

In a case where critical resources are distributed evenly in space and males provide about half of the total parental care, the mating system is most likely to be

Select one:

a. polyandry.

b. promiscuity.

c. polygyny.

d. monogamy.

Both questions form fomr the same concepts. I'm mostly confused with the promiscuity aspects such as the caring for the offspring.

I hope this can be sorted out somehow.

ochreimpala131

a) Why might selection have favored the preference female sage grouse have for the male sage grouse mating display? That is, what might males be signaling with this behavior, and why might it be in a femaleâs interest to choose a male based on his display?

b) What is the name of the mating system exhibited by great crested grebes, and what may have been one selective factor explaining why it evolved?

C) Propose a different hypothesis for why selection might have favored the preference female bowerbirds exhibit for blue coloration. (Isn't the reason why bowerbirds prefer the blue coloration is because it may be similar in color as to one of their resources attracting female bowerbirds to mate with them?)

- can someone also check if my answer to this question is correct (letter d).

d) Propose a hypothesis for why selection might have favored the preference females have for bower-building in male satin bowerbirds? That is, what might males be signaling with this behavior, and why might it be in a femaleâs interest to choose a male based on his display?

Bower building males signal females that their nest is the most suitable to lay their eggs and reproduce. It would be in the females best interest to choose a bowerbird with the best bower build because it is a preference that has been passed on in the species and by doing so its offspring will also choose intricate bower building mates.

lemoncheetah578

1)The use of deceptive signals is common in nature. Certainorchids, for example, lure pollinator wasps with flower petals thatsmell like receptive female wasps. This example can be viewed as aDarwinian puzzle because:

a. The proportion of orchid flowers that set fruit as a resultof successful pollination is actually pretty small.

b. Discriminating male wasps should be favoured by naturalselection so that they do not waste time, energy, and even sperm onorchid flowers.

c. Time and energy spent on orchids reduces the capacity of thewasp population to grow, since the deceptive plants slow theability of male wasps to fertilize all the eggs of theirfemales.

d. It is next to impossible to figure out how orchid flowersevolved to smell like the females of certain wasps.

2) During courtship, the males of some spider species offertheir mates a nuptial gift, a prey item, usually an insect of somekind, such as a cricket. Mating success for the male is highlydependent on the female accepting the gift. Researchers also notedthat males used white silk to wrap the generally dark-colouredgifts just as mated females do with their eggs sacs and wondered ifmales did this intentionally. (4 marks)

i. The last sentence in the paragraph above constitutes:

a. A causal question.

b. A hypothesis.

c. A prediction.

d. Test evidence.

ii. What theory was used to explore the courtship behaviourdescribed above?

iii. Which of the following predictions might likely be correct,given the presumption that males might be making their nuptialgifts look like eggs sacs?

a. The time it takes for a female to accept a nuptial giftshould be less for prey covered in silk that has beenexperimentally coloured brown instead of white.

b. Natural silk-covered prey should be comparable in lightreflectance to silken egg sacs

. c. Females should readily grab and hold silken egg sacs thathad been taken from them but then offered back as if they were anuptial gift.

maroonpig282

BIO-8 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Frequency-Dependent Selection, Promiscuity, Bluethroat

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