01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: George Gaylord Simpson, Agrostis Capillaris, Mendelian Inheritance

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rubysalmon273

15 Feb 2018

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Document Summary

Overview: the smallest unit of evolution: one common misconception about evolution is that organisms evolve, in a darwinian sense, during their lifetimes, natu(cid:396)al sele(cid:272)tio(cid:374) does a(cid:272)t o(cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)iduals. It is the population, not the individual, that evolves: consider the example of bent grass (agrostis tenuis) growing on the tailings of an abandoned mine. Individual plants do not evolve to become more metal-tolerant during their lifetimes. It integrated discoveries and ideas from paleontology, taxonomy, biogeography, and population genetics: the first architects of the modern synthesis included statistician r. a. fisher, who demonstrated the rules by which mendelian characters are inherited, and biologist j. B. s. haldane, who explored the rules of natural selection. Dobzhansky and sewall wright, biogeographer and taxonomist ernst mayr, paleontologist. I(cid:374)di(cid:448)iduals (cid:374)ea(cid:396) the populatio(cid:374)"s (cid:272)e(cid:374)te(cid:396) a(cid:396)e, o(cid:374) a(cid:448)e(cid:396)age, (cid:373)o(cid:396)e (cid:272)losel(cid:455) (cid:396)elated to o(cid:374)e a(cid:374)othe(cid:396) than to members of other populations: the total aggregate of ge(cid:374)es i(cid:374) a populatio(cid:374) at a(cid:374)(cid:455) o(cid:374)e ti(cid:373)e is (cid:272)alled the populatio(cid:374)"s ge(cid:374)e pool.

Related Questions

One common misconception about evolution is that individual organisms evolve. It is true that natural selection acts on individuals: Each organism's traits affect its survival and reproductive success compared with those of other individuals. But the evolutionary impact of natural selection is only apparent in the changes in a population of organisms over time.

Using at least two examples, explain how the process of evolution is revealed by the imperfections of living things. Provide evidence based facts.

periwinkleshark456

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.