NURS 4390 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Bronchiole, Dominance (Genetics), Goblet Cell
3 May 2020
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Document Summary
Copd: persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive, enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways/lungs, primarily caused by smoking, noxious particles, gases. Chronic bronchitis: cough and sputum productive for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years. Emphysema: destruction of alveoli, structural abnormality in copd patients. Irritating effect of smoke causes hyperplasia of cells. Hyperplasia reduces airway diameter and increases difficulty in clearing secretions. Goblet cells increase production of mucus, enlarged cells: reduces ciliary activity loss of cilia, causes chronic enhance inflammation of various parts of the lung with structural changes and repair (this is called remodeling) Air pollution e. g. coal and biomass fuel for indoor heating and cooking. Genetics: alpha 1 antitrypsin (aat) deficiency: autosomal recessive disorder, affects lungs or liv. Aat: alpha 1 protease inhibitor, serum protein produced by the liver and normally found in the lungs, protects normal lung tissue from attack by proteases during inflammation related to smoking and infections.
