PSY 446 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Social Security Number, Knowledge Network, Sensory Memory
2 May 2018
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Chapter 5
Information Processing Theories
Cognitive growth and what it looks like; how do you see changes in thinking and why; all about
continuous
Children as computers? Constantly changing overtime
● Increase processing speed
● Expand memory;
● Acquire new strategies and knowledge
Children as problem solvers?
Ability to switch to one strategy or rule to another; think flexibly
Types of Memory
● Sensory memory- a quarter of a second; visual stimulus like an image and you retain
some part of it after they take the image away; very brief
● Working memory- (short term memory) limited capacity; limited duration unless you
rehearse things frequently and are working towards making it long term; can be
manipulated
● Long-term memory- all of the knowledge you accumulated across your lifespan; facts;
concepts; how to do things; store anything you want but need right retrieval cues to get
that memory. (Going back to a place to remember those memories from a long time ago)
Memory is good for shallow processing
More processing= deep processing
Basic Processes in memory
1. Associating
2. Recognizing
3. Recalling
4. Generalizing
5. Encoding- actively trying to remember
6. Processing speed- how quickly you taken information; gets better as we get older
Mental Stages
● Rehearsal- repeating and trying to get it to stick from short to long term
● Selective attention- giving attention to a specific age; gets better over time
● Chunking- grouping similar units together like phone numbers; social security number
Content Knowledge
● Kids with prior content and knowledge remember more than adults (Chase and Simon
chess study) man with years of chess exp. When it was random he couldn't remember to
place them like random people
Development of Problem Solving
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Document Summary
Cognitive growth and what it looks like; how do you see changes in thinking and why; all about continuous. Ability to switch to one strategy or rule to another; think flexibly. Sensory memory- a quarter of a second; visual stimulus like an image and you retain some part of it after they take the image away; very brief. Working memory- (short term memory) limited capacity; limited duration unless you rehearse things frequently and are working towards making it long term; can be manipulated. Basic processes in memory: associating, recognizing, recalling, generalizing, encoding- actively trying to remember, processing speed- how quickly you taken information; gets better as we get older. Rehearsal- repeating and trying to get it to stick from short to long term. Selective attention- giving attention to a specific age; gets better over time. Chunking- grouping similar units together like phone numbers; social security number.
