VTPP 423 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Human Nose, Meconium, Chemical Pneumonitis
20 Apr 2020
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More at risk the younger they are. Children - shorter airway, more prone to infections. Small airway diameter = increased resistance (^4) More cartilage and soft tissue = more risk for airway obstruction and occlusion. Ribs are more cartilaginous and horizontal = greater compliance. Full term infants (more common with c section) Delay in reabsorption of fetal pulmonary fluid by lymphatics. Treat with supportive care, resolves in 48-72 hrs. Newborn breathes in meconium in amniotic fluid. Occlusion of small airways, chemical pneumonitis, inactivation of surfactant. Stressed fetus, esp when past due date. Presents with respiratory distress after birth with thick meconium. Cxr shows hyperinflations, patchy infiltrates and possibly pneumothorax. Intubate, suction pharynx and trachea, symptomatic care. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) Due to structurally immature lungs + structural deficiency. Premature, stress during delivery, infection, maternal diabetes. Presents with tachypnea, nasal flaring, chest retractions, grunting. Prevented by glucocorticoids to mother in preterm labor.
