BIOL 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Tennis Ball, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm
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LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY â STUDY HELP
The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.
Instructions:
⢠Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.
⢠PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.
⢠Use the information to answer the following questions.
Questions
⢠Fill in the remainder of the chart.
| Objective Lens | Objective Magnification | Ocular Magnification | Total Magnification |
| Scanning | 4X | 10X | 40X |
| Low Power | 10X | 10X | |
| High Power | 40X | 10X | |
| Oil Immersion | 100X | 10X |
⢠Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?
⢠What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?
⢠What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane
⢠List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.
⢠List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.
⢠In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?
⢠Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?
⢠The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.
⢠The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.
⢠A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.
⢠Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.
⢠Describe dark field microscopy.
⢠Describe phase contrast microscopy.
⢠Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?
⢠How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?
⢠Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.
| Structure | Function | Organisms Studied |
| Plasma Membrane | Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria | |
| Cytoplasm | ||
| Nucleus | Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell | |
| Chloroplast | Spirogyra | |
| Cell wall |
Value: 1
Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:
a. build complex molecules from simple ones.
b. release stored chemical energy.
c. take place primarily in skeletal muscle
d. make large quantities of ATP.
Value: 2
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _______________.
Value: 3
Organisms that derive both their energy and carbon from organic compounds are:
a. photoautotrophs.
b. chemoautotrophs.
c. chemoheterotrophs.
d. photoheterotrophs
Value: 4
It is often stated that the phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," but in fact, they are not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the âG of hydrolysis is a "useful" quantity of energy. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?
a. They are close to the destabilizing nitrogenous base adenosine
b. Positive charges on amino groups repel each other.
c. Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other
d. High acidity attacks bonds between amino acids.
Value: 5
Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis? Select all that apply
[mark all correct answers]
a. exergonic
b. spontaneous
c. often coupled to a reaction that has a positive ÎG
Value: 6
Which of the following describes catabolic reactions?
a. They are endergonic and have a negative change in free energy
b. They are exergonic and have a negative change in free energy
c. They are exergonic and have a positive change in free energy.
d. They are endergonic and have a positive change in free energy.
Value: 7
Why are cells not infinitely big?
a. Because they wouldn't fit in an organism
b. Because they would have a small surface area:volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too slowly
c. Because they would have a large surface area to volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too quickly
Value: 9
How is organelle movement around cells controlled?
a. the nucleus directs the movement of organelles in a cell
b. the cytoskeleton is like a monorail that moves organelles in a cell via motor proteins
c. organelles do not move, they have a fixed position in the cell
d. organelles move by facilitated diffusion in the cell
Value: 10
1. Prokaryotic cells lack:
a. a. A nucleus
b. organelles
c. cell membrane
d. DNA
e. A and B
Value: 11
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
a. a. Makes cell membranes
b. has ribosomes attached
c. are a site of protein synthesis
d. all of the above
Value: 12
Match the items.
The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives.
| a. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. | |
| b. Takes in molecules in transport vesicles, modifies them, and sends them back out in vesicles | |
| c. makes sugar | |
| d. makes ATP | |
| e. assembles the ribosomes | |
| f. gives the cell structure | |
| g. move material around the cell | |
| 1. vesicles | a b c d e f g |
| 2. cytoskeleton | a b c d e f g |
| 3. the golgi apparatus | a b c d e f g |
| 4. lysosomes | a b c d e f g |
| 5. mitochondrion | a b c d e f g |
| 6. chloroplast | a b c d e f g |
| 7. nucleolus | |