CMN 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Expectancy Violations Theory, Nonverbal Communication, Kinesics
17 May 2018
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WEEK 2: VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Nonverbal Communication
o can convey a message without words and in addition to words
o Nonverbal Communication Principles:
▪ often spontaneous and in considered as unintentional and in often
ambiguous bc can have multiple meanings
▪ people tend to believe nonverbal communication over verbal bc people
are seen as having less control over their nonverbal behavior so based
as a more reliable indicator of truth
o culture influences how nonverbal messages are sent and interpreted
▪ Contact Culture: rely more on touch for communication (ex: latin america,
italy, etc)
▪ Non Contact Culture: touch sensitive or try to avoid touch altogether
• can be based on sex/gender as well
▪ women tend to engage in more eye contact and pay more attention to
verbal and nonverbal cues
o interpret differently based on the situation
▪ Public, Private Dimension: physical space that effects nonverbal
communication
• nonverbal comm you do at a private setting vs public (eating bro’s
food @ home)
▪ Informal, Formal Dimension: perceptions of personal/impersonal
situations
• ex: nonverbal behavior different at a pub vs fancy restaurant
o Communicating Status: habitual behaviors; practice makes perfect
▪ clothing, location and size of office, seating during meetings, handling of
time with diff people, etc.
▪ people of high power tend to have better posture, confident movements,
& relaxed behavior
▪ negative use: some people try to show high power by violating other
peoples’ space
• signs of weakness: controlled movements, slouched posture,
tense, hesitant to stand up, playing with an object, or nervous
shaking
o International Business:
▪ must learn the culture and norms of other country/group that you may be
working in/with
▪ research in advance and approach with open mind and positive attitude
o Improving Your Nonverbal Skills:
▪ Expectancy Violation Theory: deals with how people respond when the
nonverbal expectations they’re waiting for or expect are not met
▪ Immediacy Behaviors: behaviors that promote a sense of closeness
through specific verbal, vocal, and visual behavior
• Nonverbal Codes/Conventions
o Kinesics: gestures, body language, etc.
o Emblems: intentional movements for a direct verbal translation; used to
substitute for words (ex: thumbs up)
o Illustrators: intentional movements we enforce w/ verbal messages & help
visually explain what is being said
o Regulators: help manage interactions or control the flow of conversation (ex:
raise hand to speak)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
& relaxed behavior: negative use: some people try to show high power by violating other peoples" space, signs of weakness: controlled movements, slouched posture, tense, hesitant to stand up, playing with an object, or nervous shaking. International business: must learn the culture and norms of other country/group that you may be working in/with research in advance and approach with open mind and positive attitude. Improving your nonverbal skills: expectancy violation theory: deals with how people respond when the nonverbal expectations they"re waiting for or expect are not met. ), indirect: men see convos as a competition for hierarchy and control. First 5 sources of power were developed by: french and raven. Additional sources of power were added including information, affiliation, group. Legitimate/positional power can extend to anyone in a managerial position. This power can be unstable if you use the position. Expert power is one of the ways to increase your leadership skills.
