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BSC 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Peptide, Transfer Rna, Heredity

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cyanprairie-dog5
26 Feb 2016
School
University of Florida
Department
Biology - Biological Sciences
Course
BSC 2010
Professor
Chen Sixue

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Document Summary

Mechanics of dna synthesis: directionality of dna. Phosphodiester linkage joins 3" c of one sugar to the 5" c of the next. Dna synthesis proceeds 5" 3" on the newly synthesized strand. Dna polymerase adds nucleotides only to the 3" end of the newly synthesized strand of dna. Directionality requires that the two strands are replicated in different ways: the replication form. Leading strand- synthesis proceeds continuously (5" 3") as. Lagging strand- synthesis proceeds away from the replication fork replication fork progresses (5" 3") in a back and fill fashion. Primase lays down a short bit of rna to start dna synthesis: rna priming, summary. Single-stranded binding proteins stabilize the single- stranded molecule replication fork. Topoisomerase relieves stress of supercoiling ahead of: supercoils ahead of what"s being uncoiling (double. Synthesis of leading strand winding of the dna) Dna polymerase extends the new strand from the 3" end of. A second dna polymerase replaces the rna primer with the rna primer.

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Related Questions

1. During DNA replication, proteins unwind the DNA duplex, and separate the DNA strands. Those proteins include:

a.) DNA polymerase and ligase

b.) Single-stranded DNA binding and protein primase

c.) Helicase and DNA polymerase

d.) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

2. What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

a.) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction

b.) The relative amounts of the four nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP) in the cell

c.) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand

d.) The primase used in the reaction

e.) Both A and D

3. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

a.) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b.) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3’ hydroxyl (OH) end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5’ phosphate (PO4) end.

c.) The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

d.) Both A and B

e.) Both A and C

Match the phrase its definition

DNA replication is semi-conservative

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

DNA replication is bidirectional

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

replication fork

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

leading strand

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

lagging strand

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

DNA is antiparallel

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

DNA is complementary

[ Choose ] place in which the two strands of DNA are being unwound and replicated the side of the DNA double helix that is synthesized continuously replication proceeds from the origin of replication in both directions simultaneously the side of the DNA helix that is synthesized using Okazaki fragments during DNA replication one strand is derived from the original DNA and the other strand is newly synthesized in the paired chains of the DNA helix adenine always binds thymine, and guanine always binds cytosine the two chains in the double helix are oriented in opposite directions

1) What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication? Place the following steps of DNA replication in right chronological order.

1. Primase adds an ribonucleotide primer
2. Initiator proteins bind the origin of replication and helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of double stranded template DNA
3. DNA polymerase III extends by complementary base pairing deoxyribonucleotides to the template strands
4. Ligase phosphodiester bonds the nucleotides to connect okazaki fragments nad connect fragments at the origin and where the "crotches or forks" collide
5. DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer and replaces with Deoxyribonucleotides


2) Given the template DNA and primer sequences below, what bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? (The bases should appear in the order that they will be added)

5'-GTCGTCTCCCTTTTTAAAAACCCCCCC-3'
5'-UUUUUAAAAAGGG-3'


3) Given the DNA sequence below, what could be a primer sequence used in its replication?
5'-CGTACGGCCCCAAAATTGCTACTCTGCTG-3'