BIOLCHEM 415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Nuclear Membrane, Aminoacyl-Trna, Protozoa

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21 Jul 2016

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The genetic code can be considered the instructions. Three nucleotides will code for an amino acid, called a codon. In eukaryotes, you always start with aug which sets the frame to how you"re going to read the strand. -if the code was overlapping and you made one change in one of the nucleotides, you would then affect 2 amino acids in the protein. The code is read in the 5" to 3" direction. The code is degenerate meaning some amino acids are coded by more than one compound. Table of the genetic code and codon that codes for a specific amino acid. There are 64 different codons of which 61 will indicate an amino acid. There are only two unique codons here: only one way to code more methionine and. We have 20 amino acids but only 4 nucleotides. The only way we can get 20 is by a 3-codon sequence.

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Which of the following is a true statement about the genetic code?a. it is degenerate, meaning that more than one codon codes for one amino acidb. it explains how nucleotides along a DNA molecule can code for a sequence of amino acids in a particular proteinc. it is unambiguous, meaning that each codon codes for just one amino acid or a start or stop eventd. All of these are true statementsalso please explane why.

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36. The term used to describe the relationship between the two strands in a DNA double helix is:
A. opposite
B. an exact duplicate
C. colinear
D. complementary
E. antagonistic

37. The sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is 5'-AGCGCT. What is the sequence of the other DNA strand?
A. 3'-AGCGCT
B. 3'-GCTGCA
C. 5'-TCGCGA
D. 5'-AGCGCT
E. none of the above

38. The elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication:
A. progresses away from the replication fork
B. occurs in the 3' --> 5' direction
C. produces many Okazaki fragments, which subsequently are joined together
D. depends primarily on the activity of DNA polymerase
E. does not require a template strand

39. Which statement about the genetic code is FALSE?
A. the genetic code is essentially identical in all living organisms
B. there are six codons for arginine (Arg)
C. amino acids are encoded by 64 different codons
D. several amino acids are encoded by more than one codon
E. the start codon is usually AUG, the only codon for methionine

40. Approximately what fraction of the human genome corresponds to coding regions of genes (exons)?
A. 100%
B. 48%
C. 19%
D. 1.5%
E. 0.1%

1. The four nucleotides found in human DNA (G, A, T, C) combinein groups of three to create potentially 64 different amino acids,but only 20 amino acids, one start codon and three stop codons areused to construct proteins. Why is this so?

a.Many amino acids are not considered complete until they bindwith a second amino acid.
b.64 amino acids are produced, but the body only integrates
c.42 of them into proteins. 64 amino acids are initially produced,but 42 of them are unstable and degrade immediately. Differentd.nucleotide combinations code for the same amino acid.

2.What term is used to describe the phenomenon that there are 64different groups of 3 nucleotides to code for amino acids but only20 amino acids, 1 start codon, and 3 stop codon used in proteinconstruction.

a.Crossing over
b.Redundancy
c.DNA structure
d.Transcription

Suppose a male and a female with chromosomes "DD" (male) and"dd" (female) crossbreed. How likely is their offspring to exhibitthe DD genotype?

100%
25%
50%
0%

4.What term best describes the genotype of "dd"?
a.heterozygous
b.monohybrid
c.homozygous
d.haploid

5.Suppose a male and a female with chromosomes "DDBb" (male) and"ddBB" (female) interbreed. How likely is their offpsring toexhibit the DdBb genotype? 100% 50% 25% 0%?

6. What term best describes the breeding perfomed when a maleand female with chromosomes "DDBb" (male) and "ddBB" (female)interbreed?

Dihybrid cross

Codominance

Incomplete dominance

Monohybrid cross

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BIOLCHEM 415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Nuclear Membrane, Aminoacyl-Trna, Protozoa

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