BIOLCHEM 415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Aldehyde, Hexokinase, Mannose

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21 Jul 2016

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Glycolysis is the pathway from the 6 carbon glucose to the 3 carbon pyruvate. This can operate in any and all organisms. It does not require oxygen for the first part. Glucose is the major molecule used for energy in the body. The energy that we derive from glucose comes only to a small extent from glycolysis and a major part from tca cycle (also called the citric acid cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose is a prominent fuel in all life forms because glucose can be formed in really ancient prebiotic conditions (very old molecule) and glucose is very stable and not highly reactive due to its ring structure. The reactions that splits the 6 carbon into two 3 carbons do not produce any energy and is not oxidized. Energy and oxidation come in the second stage where the cell can generate atp and reduce nad.

Related Questions

1. Integrated metabolism

A. A molecule of glucose that you eat can eventually be transformed into part of a fatty acid that you store. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall flow of carbon atoms. Cross out any that are not.

Gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid synthesis

B. Trace the metabolic path of this glucose molecule through the enzymes it encounters along the way to being made into fat. Write all the enzymes in the list below into the proper places in the figure below. If the enzyme is not used, write its name in a ânot used" column. If it is used, write the enzyme in the order that the carbon atoms from glucose encounter the enzymes.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, hexokinase, carnitine acyltransferase, ATP synthase

B. What is the minimum number of glucose molecules that would be necessary to be the carbon source for synthesis of a 16-carbon fatty acid through this pathway?

C. How many net glucose can be made from one molecule of a 16-carbon fatty acid?

2. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose:

A. citrate transport system

B. Cori cycle

C. glucose/alanine cycle

Explain the logic of these pathway regulations:

A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis.

B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle.

C. NADH inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase.

D. Citrate inhibits the citric acid cycle and activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

E. Insulin leads to activation of glycogen synthase.

ochrereindeer904

26. How many NET ATPâs can be obtained from THREE (3) molecules of glucose via (only) GLYCOLYSIS under the following conditions:

a. anaerobic conditions:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. aerobic conditions:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

27. Under aerobic conditions (glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the citric acid cycle), how many ATPâs can be obtained from TWO (2) molecules of glucose via:

a. substrate level phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. oxidative phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. net ATP production:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

28. When completely oxidized, how many Acetyl CoAâs will be produced from a 12-CARBON fatty acid chain?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

29. How many cycles of Î²-oxidation will there be to completely oxidize a 12-CARBON fatty acid chain to Acetyl-CoAâs?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30. How many ATPâs can be obtained from the oxidation of a 12-CARBON fatty acid via: (aerobic conditions)

a. Î²-oxidation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. the citric acid cycle:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. What is the net production of ATPâs?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

31. How many ATPâs can be obtained from the oxidation of a ten (10) carbon fatty acid? Include the ATPâs produced via the following: (aerobic conditions)

a. substrate level phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. oxidative phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. net ATP production:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BIOLCHEM 415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Aldehyde, Hexokinase, Mannose

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