1. Integrated metabolism
A. A molecule of glucose that you eat can eventually be transformed into part of a fatty acid that you store. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall flow of carbon atoms. Cross out any that are not.
Gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid synthesis
B. Trace the metabolic path of this glucose molecule through the enzymes it encounters along the way to being made into fat. Write all the enzymes in the list below into the proper places in the figure below. If the enzyme is not used, write its name in a ânot used" column. If it is used, write the enzyme in the order that the carbon atoms from glucose encounter the enzymes.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, hexokinase, carnitine acyltransferase, ATP synthase
B. What is the minimum number of glucose molecules that would be necessary to be the carbon source for synthesis of a 16-carbon fatty acid through this pathway?
C. How many net glucose can be made from one molecule of a 16-carbon fatty acid?
2. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose:
A. citrate transport system
B. Cori cycle
C. glucose/alanine cycle
3.
Explain the logic of these pathway regulations:
A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis.
B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle.
C. NADH inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase.
D. Citrate inhibits the citric acid cycle and activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
E. Insulin leads to activation of glycogen synthase.
1. Integrated metabolism
A. A molecule of glucose that you eat can eventually be transformed into part of a fatty acid that you store. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall flow of carbon atoms. Cross out any that are not.
Gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation, citric acid cycle, glycolysis, urea cycle, fatty acid synthesis
B. Trace the metabolic path of this glucose molecule through the enzymes it encounters along the way to being made into fat. Write all the enzymes in the list below into the proper places in the figure below. If the enzyme is not used, write its name in a ânot used" column. If it is used, write the enzyme in the order that the carbon atoms from glucose encounter the enzymes.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase, fumarase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, hexokinase, carnitine acyltransferase, ATP synthase
B. What is the minimum number of glucose molecules that would be necessary to be the carbon source for synthesis of a 16-carbon fatty acid through this pathway?
C. How many net glucose can be made from one molecule of a 16-carbon fatty acid?
2. Describe each cycle/transport system (compounds, compartments, tissues) and explain its purpose:
A. citrate transport system
B. Cori cycle
C. glucose/alanine cycle
3.
Explain the logic of these pathway regulations:
A. Phosphofructokinase, not hexokinase, is the main regulation site of glycolysis.
B. SuccinylCoA inhibits the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle.
C. NADH inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase.
D. Citrate inhibits the citric acid cycle and activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
E. Insulin leads to activation of glycogen synthase.
